Evaluation of aonla (Phyllanthus emblica Linn.) germplasm for semi-arid region of Haryana
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Date
2018
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CCSHAU
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to evaluate genetic variability in aonla germplasm grown in experimental orchard at Regional Research Station, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Bawal (Haryana). Eleven genotypes (CHES 1, BSR 1, Krishna, NA 6, NA 7, NA 10, NA 20, Chakaiya, G 1, Seedling 1, Seedling 2) having wide range of variability in growth, flowering, fruit and qualitative traits were studied. Among the cultivars, growth habit was observed upright, spreading and drooping. The foliage retention (semi-deciduous and deciduous), foliage density (dense and sparse), leaf shape (oval, elliptical and oblong), colour of young shoot (light green, green and dark green) and strength of branchlets (weak and strong) also varied among the germplasm. The plant height was maximum (6.62 m) in G 1 and minimum (4.83 m) in Chakaiya. Canopy spread of the tree in East West and North South directions were 4.43-7.10 and 4.39-7.47 m, respectively. The maximum plant girth (95.33 cm) was recorded in G 1. Length of determinate shoot varied from 7.10 to 15.70 cm in different germplasm. The time of flowering differed considerably among the varieties. The number of male flower, female flower and total number of flowers on 10 cm length of indeterminate branch varied from 650.67 to 1488.33, 4.33 to 12.33 and 657.1 to 1498.90, respectively. Sex ratio (male/female) was observed higher in seedlings as compared to those released cultivars. It ranged between 96.04 (NA 6) and 262.28 (Seedling 1). Variations in fruit shape, i.e. triangular, flattened round (oblong), round and oval was observed. The fruit base cavity (absent, shallow and deep), fruit apex (depressed, flat and papiliate), segment ridges at stem end (absent, less prominent and prominent) and fruit colour (light green, yellow green and light green with red tinge) also varied among the germplasm. Time taken from fruit setting to fruit maturity varied from 215.67 (Krishna) to 256 (BSR 1). Germplasm were categorized in three group according to their maturity period i.e., early (Krishna and NA 10); mid-season (CHES 1, NA 6, NA 7, NA 20, G 1 and Seedling 2) and late season (Seedling 1, Chakaiya and BSR 1). Among the germplasm studied, NA 20 gave maximum yield, with more fruit set (39.68%), fruit weight (54.96 g), fruit volume, fruit size, stone weight (3.36 g), average seed weight (21.2 mg) and pulp per cent (93.87). TSS, TSS: acid ratio, total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and sugar: acid ratio were observed highest in BSR 1. Ascorbic acid and astringency was recorded highest in Chakaiya. Tannin content was maximum in NA 10 under semi-arid environment of Haryana, India.
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