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  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTING MANNAN OLIGOSACCHARIDE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MUZAFFARNAGARI SHEEP
    (SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021-10) KAUSHLENDRA NARAYAN DWIVEDI; Dr. Debashis Roy
    Department of Animal Nutrition SardarVallabhBhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut Student Name : Kaushlendra Narayan Dwivedi ID No. : 4878 Advisor : Dr. Debashis Roy Degree :MVSc (Animal Nutrition) Thesis Title: “Effect of supplementing mannan oligosaccharide on the performance of Muzaffarnagari sheep” ABSTRACT 18 Muzaffarnagari sheep of similar age group were taken from Livestock farm complex II (LFC II), SVPUAT. The animals were separated randomly into 3 groups. 1st group was treated as control. 2nd and 3rd groups were taken as treatment group. 2nd and 3rd groups were supplemented with mannan oligosaccharide at the rate of 2% and 4% on dry matter basis, respectively along with basal diet. The basal diet comprised of wheat straw, chaffed green berseem fodder, jowar fodder and compounded concentrate mixture at a ratio of 30:15:15:40. Concentrate mixture was prepared by mixing barley grain, wheat grain, oat grain, wheat bran, gram chunni, mustard oil cake and mineral mixture in 20, 20, 10, 10, 10, 28 and 2 parts, respectively.Fortnightly body weight, dry matter intake, weight gain, ADG, FCR and faecal scorewererecorded during the trial period.Blood samples were also collected at 30 days interval i.e. day 0, 30, 60, 90 post supplementation. Haematological parameters were analysed in fresh blood samples. Blood biochemical parameters are estimated in blood plasma. The average BW and metabolic BW of all the fortnights were not significantly different (P>0.05) between groups. The overall gain (kg) and daily weight gain (g/d) was found significantly higher (P<0.01) in both the treatment groups than control. T1 group of animals showed higher BCS than control in fourth, fifth and sixth fortnight. The overall BCS was found higher in T1 group than control. Treatment groups were found to have lower faecal score than control.Digestibility of different nutrients was found similar. Digestible DM, OM, EE, NFE, CF, NDF and ADF intake were found similar in all the three groups of experimental animals. Dry matter intake (%BW) was higher in T1 than control. But total DM intake (kg/d) was found similar. TDN (g/kg W 0.75) intake similarly found similar in all the three groups.Overall Plasma cholesterol concentration was found lower in T2 group than control. But, HDL cholesterol value of T1 and T2 groups were found similar to control throughout the trial period. Plasma TIg concentration was found to increase in T2 group than other. BUN and creatinine concentration of all treatment groups was found similar with control. Liver enzyme activity was also found similar as the activity of ALT, AST and ALKP remained similar throughout the trial period. Thio barbituric acid reactive substance activity of T2 group was found lower than others but plasma FRAP value in present study was found similar in all the experimental groups. In conclusion, Mannan oligosaccharide up to the dose rate of 4% of dry matter improved growth performance, immune parameters, feed intake and feed efficiencyof Muzaffarnagari sheep without adversely affecting blood metabolites and liver function. (Debashis Roy) (Kaushlendra Narayan Dwivedi) Advisor Autho
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    FORMULATION OF AREA SPECIFIC MINERAL MIXTURE FOR MEERUT DISTRICT AND EFFECT OF ITS SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BUFFALO HEIFERS
    (SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021) VAIBHAV ARYA; Dr. Debashis Roy
    Department of Animal Nutrition Sardar VallabhBhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut Student Name : Vaibhav Arya ID No. : 3139 Advisor : Dr. Debashis Roy Degree : MVSc (Animal Nutrition) Thesis Title: “Formulation of area specific mineral mixture for Meerut district and effect of its supplementation on the performance of buffalo heifers” ABSTRACT Present study was conducted to formulate the area specific mineral mixture (ASMM) for Meerut district and its subsequent supplementation to buffalo heifers to observe the effect on performance and blood biochemical parameters. Total 140 feed samples, 120 fodder samples, 105 water samples, 58 milk samples, 51 blood samples and 29 soil samples were collected randomly from all the 12 blocks of Meerut districts. After processing, the samples were analysed for different macro and micro elements by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) instrument (instrument name MY2015CQ05 of Agilent Technologies). Among the feeds, wheat bran was found deficient in copper by 15%. Both copper and zinc content in Mustard oil cake was found marginal. Copper was deficient in bajra fodder, berseem fodder and jowar fodder by 7.5%, 30% and 29.3%, respectively. Sugercane top, bajra fodder, berseem fodder and jowar fodder were found deficient in zinc by 7.3%, 14.67%, 5% and 2%, respectively. Copper and zinc were also found deficient in blood sample by 15.38% and 1.25%, respectively whereas animal milk samples were deficient in copper by 66.67%. Thus, an ASMM was formulated which was fortified with extra copper and zinc over and above BIS type I specification. 18 Murrah buffalo heifers were randomly divided into three groups (T1, T2 and T3) of six animals each on the basis of body weight. Control or T1 groups of animals were fed with basal diet composed of wheat straw, chaffed green berseem fodder and compounded concentrate mixture at a ratio of 35:40:25 with no mineral mixture supplementation. T2 group of animals were supplemented with ASMM whereas T3 group of animals were supplemented with BIS type I mineral mixture along with basal diet. Growth performance, haematological and blood biochemical parameters were analysed. Fortnightly bodyweight gain and average daily gain were found significantly higher (P<0.05) in ASMM and BIS type I mineral mixture supplemented animals than control. Body condition score was found significantly higher in ASMM supplemented animals than control. Digestibility and digestible nutrient intake of crude protein, ether extract, nitrogen free extract, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were also not affected by supplementing mineral mixture. Average haemoglobin, PCV, RBC, Lymphocyte and monocyte (%) value increased in mineral supplemented animals than control. TLC and neutrophil (%) reduced in mineral supplemented animals than control. Plasma glucose, total protein, albumin and total immunoglobulin values were found to be more in mineral supplemented animals. Antioxidant assay revealed that super oxidase dismutase, catalase and total antioxidant activities were higher in mineral supplemented animals than control. Thio-barbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) activity was decreased in mineral supplemented animals than control. In conclusion, ASMM prepared for Meerut district by fortifying copper and zinc improved growth performance, haematological status and antioxidant activities of Murrah buffalo heifers without adversely affecting blood metabolites and liver function. (Debashis Roy) (Vaibhav Arya) Advisor Author
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CAPRINE FAECAL ORIGIN LACTOBACILLI AS POTENTIAL PROBIOTIC FOR IMPROVING NUTRIENT UTILIZATION, HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY IN GOATS
    (SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021-09) PRASHANT PANDEY; Dr. Ajit Kumar
    Name :Prashant Pandey I.d. No. : 3093 Advisor : Dr. Ajit Kumar Degree : M.V.Sc (Animal Nutrition) Department :Animal Nutrition Thesis Title: “Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Caprine Faecal Origin Lactobacilli as Potential Probiotic for Improving Nutrient Utilization, Health and Productivity in Goats” ABSTRACT The health of goat farming is closely related to how the animals are raised and the gut microbiota plays a key role in the fulfilment of their productive potential. The objective of the present study was to isolate and characterize a lactobacilli strain of caprine origin from the goat faeces and assess its efficacy in-vitro as potential probiotics for goat nutrition. A total of forty two fresh faecal samples from different healthy goats were aseptically collected. The enrichment and culture of the samples was done on selective culture medium of de Man Rogosa and Sharpe broth and agar (MRS). Then two selected bacterial isolates were purified and conventionally characterized based on the morphological and biochemical analysis such as gram staining, catalase test, motility test, endospore and carbohydrate fermentation tests. All the isolates were either rod or cocci shaped, gram positive, catalase negative, non-motile and non-spore formers. On the sugar fermentation test the isolates showed positive against cellobiose, galactose, lactose, maltose, mannose and sucrose while all isolates were negative for mannitol sugar. On the basis of phenotypic and sugar utilization tests two isolates were shortlisted further by in-vitro testing of aggregation time, cell surface hydrophobicity, acid tolerance etc. to select the high viability strain after encountering likely adverse condition in gastrointestinal tract for use a potential probiotic for goat. The molecular characterization was done on the basis of 16S rDNAand sequencing was done. The two lactobacilli spp. were identified as WeissellaconfusaSVPUAT-1 & SVPUAT-2. The in vivo trail was conducted on goats for evaluation of isolated caprine faecal origin Lactobacilli as probiotics for enhanced nutrient utilization and productivity. Eighteen adult goats were divided into three equal groups and fed on a basal diet supplemented with either no probiotics (CON), or with a probiotic of caprine-origin (Weissellaconfusa; tPRO) or dairy-origin (Lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC15; cPRO). The feed consumption, nutrient intake and FCR remained un-influenced by probiotic treatments. The digestibility of CF, CP and EE in tPRO and cPRO was higher (P<0.05) than CON however digestibility DM, OM and NFE remain same in all groups. Body weight get increased during the trial period but difference was not significant among the groups. Hb and PCV were similar among the groups. The common biochemical parameters of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, globulin, TP, ALT and AST were also found similar (P>0.05) among the groups. Based on all finding, it was concluded that isolated caprine faecal origin lactobacilli bacteriaWeissellaconfusa (Gene Bank Accession No. MZ314055.1) have majority of probiotics characteristics and can be used as probioticsin the diet of goats for enhanced nutrient utilization, health and productivity. (Dr Ajit Kumar) (Prashant Pandey) Advisor Author
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Detection of Autoinducer-II (AI-2) Regulatory Genes in Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens and their inhibitory phytochemicals
    (SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021-10) MRINAL SRIVASTAVA; Dr. Amit Kumar
    Abstract Name: Mrinal Srivastava I.D No: 4891 Degree: M.Tech (biotechnology) Division: Animal Biotechnology College of Biotechnology Thesis Title: Detection of Autoinducer-II (AI-2) regulatory genes in Multi-drug Resistance (MDR) zoonotic bacterial pathogens and their inhibitory phytochemicals. The worldwide utilization and abuse of antibiotics has led to the progression and outspread of bacterial resistance against all regularly used antibacterials. In order to successfully tackle broaden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through development of novel antimicrobial compounds or antimicrobial stewardship, interpretating how bacteria transform and develop to live on antibiotic treatments is critical. Keeping these aspects in mind present study was designed to isolate and identify multi drug resistance (MDR) zoonotic bacterial pathogens mainly focusing on E. coli and pseudomonas. In total of 100 samples received in two groups i.e. 50 samples from milk and 50 from faecal. The study revealed 23 isolates based on cultural, morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization. Out of 50 milk samples 9 isolate was confirmed as E.coli and 6 as Pseudomonas and in another 50 samples of faecal, 4 isolates was confirmed as E.coli and 4 as Pseudomonas. All the isolates of E. coli were confirmed by the amplification species specific of 556 base pair uidA genes and isolates of pseudomonas were confirmed by PseudF/R- 16Sr RNA primers of 618 base pair. drug resistance was performed by phenotypic and molecular screening of multi drug resistance isolates. All the bacterial isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test against 9 antibacterial drugs like: Amoxyclav, Amikacin, Cefoperazone, Cefalexin, Celtriaxene, Levofloxacin, Gentamicin, Streptomycin and PenicillinG. PenicillinG was the only drug against which 100% resistance was recorded by all the isolates irrespective of species of isolates and also the origin of isolates. When all the isolates were classified for antibiotyping, they revealed 13 biotypes of E. coli and 5 biotypes in Pseudomonas. For molecular screening of the multi drug resistance isolates two different group of antimicrobial resistance were selected for the screening i.e. ESBL resistance and carbapenem resistance. All E. coli isolates were subjected for the amplification of two different resistant gene i.e. blaSHV and blaNDM. Amplicons were subjected to Sanger sequencing and sequences of all these genes were submitted in NCBI database to obtain the accession number. Out of 13 E. coli isolates 4 each confirmed the presence of blaSHV and blaNDM genes. Discovery of microbial quorum sensing (QS) has administered new hope for studying the regulatory mechanism of drug resistance and overcoming drug resistance QS system. Numerous bacteria can communicate by contributing and responding to a small diffusible molecule that act as signals. These molecules can be described as auto inducers (AIs). Keeping these aspects study was designed for its second objective for the designing of Autoinducer-II (AI-2) gene primers for isolated major zoonotic bacterial pathogens. These primers were used to fullfil third objective of molecular detection of AI-2 gene in multi drug resistance (MDR) in zoonotic bacterial pathogens. Out of 13 confirmed isolates 12 isolates of E. coli revealed an amplification product of 290bp and accordingly confirmed to be mqsr- AI-2. Whereas. out of 10 confirmed isolates only 6 isolates of the pseudomonas revealed an amplification product of 345bp, resulting in the confirmation of rhIR AI-2 gene. Amplicons were subjected to Sanger sequencing and received data was analyzed. The forth objective was in silico docking based assessment of phytochemicals for inhibition of quorum sensing AI-2 gene. The ten phytoconstituents of Ocimum sanctum showed different positive docking scores against autoinducer-2 translational protein of E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, Germacrene and Rosmarinic acid suggested good docking scores for autoinducer-2 translational protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Out of these Rosmarinic acid full fill all the basec requirements to be a potential drug moleculae. (Mrinal Srivastava) (AmitKumar) I.D No: 4891 Advisor
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on Characterization of Microorganisms for Solubilization of Phosphate, Potassium and Zinc
    (SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2020) Mansi Tyagi; Akash Tomar
    ABSTRACT Name: Mansi Tyagi Id. No. : 4236 Semester and year of admission: 1st sem. 2018-2019 Degree: M. Tech. Major: Biotechnology Department: Biotechnology Thesis Title: “Studies on Characterization of Microorganisms for Solubilization of Phosphate, Potassium and Zinc.” Advisor: Dr. Akash Tomar Soil is the basis of life and we living beings are directly and indirectly depend on it. Agriculture is based fully on the soil because without it agriculture cannot sustain, it is the building block of agriculture. Soil have several organic, inorganic materials in it. Nutrients are one of the important part of soil because plants are directly influenced by the availability of nutrients. Deficiency of these nutrients causes severe damage to growth and yield of plants and crops. These are the basic need of plants and major nutrients include Phosphorous, Nitrogen, and Potassium. Rhizospheric soil samples were collected from native crop fields and nearby regions. Potential microbes were isolated and tested for solubilization of P, K and Zn on Pikovskayas medium, Aleksandrov’s agar medium and on Zinc solubilizing agar medium that were supplemented with P, K and Zn source. Mineral solubilization involves releasing of these bound nutrients by soil microorganism and making them available for plant uptake via three possible mechanisms that are acidification of the medium, production of chelating metabolites, and redox activity.The nutrient solubilizing bacteria generates a halo zone around their colony on the basis of which their solubilization potential was identified.A total of 18 isolates, two isolated from soil and 16 from previous studies, were tested for multiple solubilization potential, some were found to solubilize all the three nutrients.Microscopic studies showed presence of bacteria with rods, oval, and cocci cell morphology. 17 isolates were gram negative and one Gram positive. Colony morphology showed05 isolates were greenish-yellow fluorescence producing bacteria denoted as MS-1, PYS-2, PYS-3, PYS-11, PYS-14 and S6 producing yellowish green fluorescence,02 isolates S4 and MS-3 were brown pigment producing gram negative rods.IsolateSS-9-2 was gram positive with cocci or in some instance streptococci cell arrangement. During plate assay for solubilization,isolates S4, S6, MS-1, PYS-14 and SS-9-2 showed highest level of solubilization of P present in the form of tricalcium phosphate. Isolates S1, S6, MS-1, MS-3, SS-7-6, SS-7-7and SS-9-2 showed potential to solubilize K present in the form of potassium aluminosilicate. Whereas Zn present as zinc oxide in media was solubilized by S1, S6, MS-3, PYS-2, PYS-11, PYS-14, SS 7-6 and SS-9-2. The study showed that isolates S1, S6, MS-1, PYS-2, PYS-3, PYS-11, PYS-14 and SS-9-2 can solubilize either of the nutrient (P, K and Zn), an, two or all the three efficiently.On the basis of above study 09 potential isolates (S1, S4, S6, MS-1, MS-3, PYS-2, SS-7-6, SS-7-7 and SS-9-2) were selected to perform biochemical tests for their diversity analysis. 13 biochemical tests were performed to identify isolates. Isolates showed different characteristics in terms of morphology, solubilization assay and biochemical tests but some on the other hand showed similarities in either of the aspect making them relating to same genera. The results indicated that isolates differ in their ability and potential to solubilize multiple nutrients, it was also imperative that many isolates were showing higher solubilization of one specific nutrient only, some of the isolates were poor solubilizers of two or in some instance all three nutrients. These isolates however may serve as reference stocks for further studies on nutrient solubilization assay and its mechanisms. (Akash Tomar) (Mansi Tyagi) ADVISOR AUTHOR
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of molecular markers to detect the DNA damage caused by Parthenium plant extract
    (SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2020-10) AKANKSHA SINGH; Dr. Shalani Gupta
    ABSTRACT Name : Akanksha Singh Id. No : 2874 Year of admission : 2018 Degree : M.Tech (Biotechnology) College : College of Biotechnology Thesis title : Assessment of molecular markers to detect the DNA damage caused by Parthenium plant extract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity and DNA damage caused by Parthenium plant a invasive weed on selected crop plants. Three different concentrations of Parthenium plant extract i.e. 2.5 %, 5.0 % and 7.5 % were used as test material. Phytotoxic effects of Parthenium plant on seedling traits in four crop plants viz. V. faba, H. vulgare, C. arietinum and S. lycopersicum showed significant reduction in all seedling traits using three extract concentrations as compared to control. Parthenium plant extract concentration at 7.5 % has maximum negative effect on seedling traits. V. faba has least effect of Parthenium extracts treatments on seedling traits as compared to other crops whereas S. lycopersicum was highly affected by Parthenium extracts. Cytotoxic effects of Parthenium plant on mitotic index in roots of A. cepa showed reduction in mitotic activity using three extract concentrations both at 24 and 48 hours. Where relative abnormality rate (RAR) increased with increase in concentration as well as treatment duration. Several chromosomal aberrations were recorded i.e. early prophase, sticky metaphase, C- metaphase, disturbed metaphase and anaphase, forward metaphase anaphase and telophase chromosomes, laggards in anaphase and telophase, bridges at anaphase and telophase, micronucleus at inter-phase. SSR markers were assayed to assess the DNA damage caused by Parthenium plant extract in V. faba and H. vulgare with 15, 30 and 45 days treated samples revealed some newly induced bands and some normal bands disappeared which shows change in genomic DNA. In V. faba GTS value varies from 42.90 % (7.5 % of 15 days treated sample) to 75 % (5.0 % of 30 days treated sample). In H. vulgare GTS values varies from 16.67 % (5.0 % and 7.5 % of 30 and 45 days treated samples) to 83.33 % (2.5 % of 15 and 45 days treated). Marker analysis shows that Parthenium plant extract was capable of inducing DNA damage as lower estimated GTS values reflects high to medium genetic variability, although its suggested more studies on this aspect to save field crops from damage on DNA. (Shalani Gupta) (Akanksha Singh) Name and Sign of Advisor Name and Sign of Author
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    MORPHO-PHYSIO-BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.) VARIETIES UNDER DROUGHT STRESS
    (SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2020-12) VYANKATESH DHANRAJ BAGUL; Dr. R. S. Sengar
    ABSTRACT Name: Vyankatesh Dhanraj Bagul Id. No.: PG/4357/18-19 Degree: M.Sc. (Ag.) Major: Agriculture Biotechnology College: College of Agriculture Minor: Genetics and Plant Breeding Advisor: Dr. R. S. Sengar Thesis title: “Morpho-physio-biochemical and molecular characterization of selected potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties under drought stress”. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is considered as an important cash crop of the world and also known as apple of soil. It provides food for millions of people across the globe with being the 4th largest produced crop. Drought is one of the major stress factors affecting the growth and development of potato plants. In this study, we have selected 5 Indian potato varieties and supplemented them with 2 different drought treatments viz., allowed them to undergo heavy drought stress and application of aquasorb at the time of sowing at the rate of 30Kg/ha. Both the treatments were subjected for 15 days of drought stress by water withholding at tuber initiation stage which is known to be the most vulnerable stage due to drought stress. The experiment was conducted in CRD pattern using experimental pots at the rain out shelter of Department of Agriculture Biotechnology. Various morpho-physiobiochemical parameters regarding drought stress responses of plant were selected, measured and compared within the varieties after the drought stress period was completed. Also, seven drought related gene specific marker were synthesized using bioinformatics tools and were used for molecular characterization of selected potato varieties. The study suggests that, drought has negatively impacted on all the varieties used in the experiments regardless of their stress response nature. The impact of drought stress varied among the plant varieties, where K. Thar-1, a drought tolerant variety under drought stress was found significantly superior over K. Pukhraj, K. Bahar, K. Chipsona-1 and K. Chipsona-1 in the morpho-physio-biochemical parameters namely no. of compound leaves per plant (10.3), no. of tubers per plant (18.67), weight of tubers per plant (238.89gm), top biomass weight per plant (336.83gm), root biomass weight (20.7gm), average stolon length (10.8cm), chlorophyll content(31.80), leaf area index (1.52), relative water content (56.45%), sucrose content (381.49mg), reducing sugar content (73.87mg), proline content (28.83μmols), catalase activity (24.57U), peroxidase activity (61.45ΔA/min) and abscisic acid content (256.49pmol). In aquasorb treated drought stressed conditions, all the varieties shown great resilience and were found to be significantly superior over drought stressed conditions. This experiment suggest that Aquasorb can help to minimize the losses occurred in crop production. Molecular characterization of these selected potato varieties gave three polymorphic bands and seven monomorphic bands at an average pf 1.43 bands per primer. The dendrogram using bioinformatics tools explains inter-varietal hierarchical relationship. (R. S. Sengar) (Vyankatesh Bagul) Advisor Author
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    A study on phytochemical profiling and antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon grass)
    (SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021-10) Saumya Jaiswal; Dr. Pankaj Chauhan
    ABSTRACT Name: Saumya Jaiswal Id. No: 4890 Degree: M.Sc. Biotechnology Department: Department of Cell Biology Thesis title: “A study on phytochemical profiling and antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon grass)” In recent years researchers have been paid attention to find out new alternative sources of antimicrobial agents especially from plant sources. Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon grass) is an aromatic medicinal plant in the family Poaceae. The main chemical components of lemon grass are: myrcene, geranial, limonene, citronellol, neral, caffeic acid, citral have been used extensively for many years in soap, perfumery, and detergents and pharmaceuticals. Phytochemical screening of the plant leaf reveals that the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, tannins and glycosides. Different leaf extracts of Cymbopogon citratus leaves were prepared and its antimicrobial activity were evaluated by agar well diffusion method against both Bacterial species such as: Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli as well as Fungi pathogens such as: Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Penicillium Chrysogenum. The antimicrobial activity of crude methanolic, ethanolic, acetone and aqueous extract of C. citratus was evaluated to find the zone of inhibition, so that Antimicrobial activity of various extract of leaves of Cymbopogon citratus was carried in attempt to develop a new pharmaceutical drug from natural origin for prevention of pathogenic microbes. Key words: Cymbopogon citratus, Lemon grass, Phytochemicals, Zone of Inhibition, Extract, Microbes (Saumya Jaiswal) (Pankaj Chauhan) Id.No.4890 Advisor
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on isolation and characterization of rhizosperic fungi for phosphate solubilisation activity under in vitro condition
    (SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2021) DEEKSHA CHAUDHARY; Dr. Akash Tomar
    ABSTRACT Name: DEEKSHA CHAUDHARY Id. No. : 4889 Semester and year of admission: 1 sem. 2019-2020 Degree: M. Tech/M.sc Major: Biotechnology College: Biotechnology Advisor: Dr. Akash Tomar Thesis Title: “Studies on isolation and characterization of rhizospheric fungi for phospahte solubilisation activity under invitro condition.” Plant require phosphorus, a vital plant nutrient, it is found in fixed forms in most soil. Thus, poor availability of P in soil and consequent P-deficiency represents a major constraint to crop production globally. This has led to a search for environment-friendly and economically feasible alternative strategies for improving crop production in low or P deficient soils, PSM are known to bring about mobilisation of insoluble phosphates and stimulate plant development even under the condition of phosphorus deficiency. Mineral solubilization is the mechanism of soil microorganisms releasing bound nutrients and making them available for plant uptake by one of three mechanisms: acidification of the medium, formation of chelating metabolites, or redox activity. The nutrient-solubilizing bacteria produce a halo zone around their colony, which was used to determine their solubilization capacity. The phosphate solubilizing fungus (PSF) secretes some kinds of organic acids which act on insoluble phosphates and convert the same into soluble form, thus providing phosphorous to plant. Ninteen of the rhizospheric soil sample were collected from the different region of the district Meerut and Muzaffarnagar and were sceened on PDA and PVK plates to obtain variety of fungal isolates. 17 fungal cultures were isolated from the 19 soil samples and 03 isolates were obtained from different studies. These 20 isolates were screened and selected on the basis of its ability to form halo (zone of solubilisation) zone on PVK medium plates. Out of 20 isolates 15 isolates were found to solubilise the TCPs. Further, colony morphology and microscopic studies shows that the 12 isolates (S2,S3.A,S5,S7.AS8,S10,S12,SS6.A,SS6.B ISOL.1,S4 and S7.B) belong to the genera Aspergillus, 04 isolate (S11,S13,S3.B,S7.C) belongs to the Trichoderma, 03 Penicillium (S1,S15 and ISOL.2) and 01 of Fusarium spp. 15 isolates (Aspergillus and Penicillium) showed the zone for P solubilisation while the other 05 fungal isolates (Trichoderma 04 no and Fusarium 01 no) did not show any zone of solublization. However, Trichoderma isolates showed production of acid in PVK medium which was evident by appearance of red colour zone surrounding the culture colony. Among all of the Aspergillus isolates maximum solubilisation efficiency (SE) was shown by S2 of 2.62 followed by SS6.B(2.33), S8(2.25), S3.A(2.08) and S7.A(2.00), the minimum (SE) was shown by isolate S12 of 0.43. While considering about the SI value isolate SS6.A had the maximum value of 1.19. Among all three Penicillium isolates tested for P solubilisation, ISOL.2 was recorded to have more efficiency (SE) of 1.08 than other isolates followed by S1(1.00) and S15 (0.58) on the twelfth day of observation. If considering about the solubilisation index (SI) then, ISOL.2 shows maximum SI value of 1.13 followed by S1(1.10) and S15(1.05). Comparatively among all the Aspergillus spp. S3.A, S10 and S2 can be considered as the best solubilisers while S15 and ISOL.2 were better among the Penicillium species. (Akash Tomar) (Deeksha Chaudhary) ADVISOR AUTHOR