ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE IN HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS OF SMALL RUMINANTS IN JAMMU
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Date
2018
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu
Abstract
The emergence of anthelmintic resistance on government and private farms (2 each) in Jammu, India was investigated using Faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) for fenbendazole (FBZ) and levamisole (LEV), Egg hatch assay (EHA) for benzimidazole (BZ) and Egg hatch paralysis assay (EHPA) for LEV. For FECRT, a total of 240 naturally infected animals (Sheep and Goats) of 3-6 months of age were divided randomly in 3 groups of 20 animals each. At each farm, Group 1 and Group 2 animals were given FBZ (@ 5.0 mg/kg body weight) and LEV (@ 7.5mg/kg body weight) orally as drench, respectively and Group 3 animals were kept untreated. Faecal samples were collected per rectum 14 days post-treatment. FECR after treatment with FBZ and LEV were found to be 58 and 44 percent (farm 1), 61 and 49 percent (farm 2), 51 and 60 percent (farm 3), 68 and 86 percent (farm 4) respectively. On EHA, the ED50 values for the isolates of Haemonchus contortus were 0.171, 0.163, 0.178 and 0.156 µg of TBZ/ml in farm 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The ED50 values on EHPA for the isolates of H. contortus were 4.445, 1.050, 0.698 and 0.282μg/mL of LEV in farm 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The H. contortus larvae isolated from animals were genotyped for detection of mutation in the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene using AS-PCR. A total of 144 larvae, 36 from each farm were used in the study. In farm 1, the prevalence of different genotypes varied significantly (p<0.001) with 80 percent ‘rr’ type, 11 percent ‘rS’ and 8 percent ‘SS’ types. In farm 2, the types of genotypes varied significantly (p<0.001) with 72 percent ‘rr’, 17 percent ‘rS’ and 11 percent ‘SS’. In farm 3, 89 percent were found to be of ‘rr’ genotype, 8 percent of ‘rS’ genotype and 3 percent of ‘SS’ genotype. In farm 4, the prevalence was predominated by ‘rS’ genotype (50 percent) followed by ‘rr’ genotype (36 percent) and ‘SS’ genotype (14 percent). The results of AS-PCR from the pasture larvae showed the overall predominance of ‘rr’ genotype (60 percent) followed by ‘rS’ (33 percent) genotype and ‘SS’ (7 percent) genotype. Thus prevalence of BZ resistant (r) allele was significantly (p<0.001) higher (76.5 percent) as compared to the 23.5 percent prevalence of BZ susceptible (S) allele.
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