ETIO-PATHOMORPHOLOGY OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF BROILER CHICKENS IN VARIOUS PARTS OF JAMMU
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Date
2017
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu
Abstract
The present study was carried out to study etio-pathomorphology of gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens where disease occurrence was reported. 200 flocks were surveyed in different areas in and around Jammu. Occurrence of colibacillosis (24.16%) was maximum followed by that of infectious bursal disease (IBD) (7.13%), omphalitis (6.79%), salmonellosis (5.36%), non specific enteritis (4.29%), coccidiosis (2.22%), haemorrhages in proventriculus (1.67%), gout (1.44%), nephro-hepatotoxicity (1.42%), ascites (1.14), fatty liver syndrome (1.03%), caseous nodules in lungs/ suspected brooder pneumonia (0.75%) and non specific liver ailments (0.50%). The maximum mortality was caused by colibacillosis (8.33%). Characteristic lesions in colibacillosis were fibrinous pericarditis, airsacculitis and perihepatitis. Isolates of E.coli
belonged to serogroup O1, O22, O37, O114, O118 and O149. Congestion, necrotic foci and bronze discolouration in liver were seen in birds affected with salmonellosis. IBD cases had paint brush haemorrhages on thigh and breast muscles along with enlarged, haemorrhagic, edematous bursa with necrosis of follicles and infiltration of heterophils in interfollicular areas. In suspected cases of Newcastle disease or avian influenza, haemorrhages in proventriculus were found. In cases of coccidiosis, haemorrhages in the small intestine and caecal tonsil were found. Further, degenerating and necrotic intestinal epithelium harboring coccidian life-cycle stnges were observed. cphro-hcpatotoxieily, degenerative and necrotic chnnges were seen in kidney nnd liver. Out of 632 necropsied birds. intc tine were found to be affected in maximum number of birds (80.22%) fo llowed by liver (71.83%), proventriculus (21.36%), gizzard (8.86%). pancreas (8 .38%) and oesophagus (3.00%). Lesions in intestine were consistent 'with presence of different forms of enteri tis viz., acute which was mostly catarrhal, necrotic and chronic. In liver, congestion, degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, hyperplasia of bile duct epithelium, proliferation of fibrous connective tissue and infilt ration of inflammatory cells in portal triad areas were recorded. Hepatitis was either acute fibrinous , suppurative or chronic type. Proventriculus revealed congestion, presence of thick mucoid exudate over mucosa, haemorrhages, necrotic mucosa and infiltration of inflammatory cells mainly heterop hi ls and few MNCs. In gizzard, haemorrhages ulcerations, ventric ulitis and necrosis of smooth muscle fibers with infiltration of lymphocytes were observed. Pancreas revealed congestion, haemorrhages, hyperplasia of pancreatic ducts, degeneration and necrosis of acinar cells. Acute pancreatitis characterised by degeneration, necrosis and infiltration of heterophilis was also noticed. Oesophagus reveal ed congestion, oedema along with infiltration of heterophils in sub mucosa around the oesophageal glands.
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