CLINICO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF HEIFER MASTITIS AND IN-VITRO EFFICACY OF DRUG-LOADED CHITOSAN NANO-PARTICLES AGAINST THE ISOLATES
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Date
2017
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu
Abstract
A total of 250 cow heifers were screened from organised and unorganised farms in and around Jammu region during the period from May 2016 to April 2017. A total of 1000 quarters were screened, and lacteal secretion samples were collected individually from 915 quarters from the udder of 250 pregnant heifers 5-10 days before calving to know the prevalence of mastitis in cow heifers. Animal wise overall prevalence of mastitis in cow heifers was found to be 90.80% by cultural examination, and 30.00% animals produced clinical signs. Quarter wise prevalence of mastitis in cow heifers was found to be 75.51% by cultural examination and 26.77% of the quarters produced clinical signs with the highest prevalence in the hind quarters. A significant result was obtained with respect to risk factors associated with mastitis. The Staphylococcus spp. majorly the Coagulase Negative Staphylococci was found to be the chief etiological agent in cow heifer mastitis followed by S. aureus, Strep. agalactiae and other environmental microorganisms. The contagious microorganisms showed a significant increase in the mean SCC (x103 /ml) than the environmental microorganisms. Cultural Sensitivity Test revealed that Gram positive organisms were highly sensitive towards Amoxyclav (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid), Ciprofloxacin, while Gram negative organisms were highly sensitive towards Ciprofloxacin. CS-NP were synthesised and characterised for different properties and encapsulated with Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin release of the Chitosan nanoparticles is faster at a higher pH than around lower pH (pH 7.4 > pH 5.2) and its release from the nanoparticle is sustained and controlled hence the concentration of antibiotic at the drug absorption site can be maintained for a longer duration. CPX loaded CS nanoparticles showed higher antibacterial activity against both major microorganisms (S. aureus, E. coli) as compared to standard CPX alone. Present study generated prevalence and etiological database on cow heifer mastitis in Jammu region first time. This study also recommended that therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics can be enhanced by using with chitosan nanoparticles, which can increase the duration of contact between antibiotic and bacteria by slow release for a longer duration. In conclusion, present study data can be applied for the development of prevention strategies of mastitis in dairy cows at the heifer stage, so that mastitis occurrence can be controlled or reduced in subsequent lactations.
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