DIVERGENCE HETEROSIS AND GENETIC STUDIES IN BITTER GOURD (Momordica charantia L.)
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Date
2016-01
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K.R.C. COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE COLLEGE OF ARABHAVI (UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES, BAGALKOT)
Abstract
The investigation on “Divergence, heterosis and genetic studies in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)” was undertaken at Vegetable Science unit of Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi. To assess genetic variability and diversity 55 genotypes were evaluated. Out of 19 characters studied genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was highest for fruit yield per vine. Fruit yield per vine was positively and significantly associated with average fruit weight and number of fruits per vine both phenotypically and genotypically. Using estimated D2 values 55 genotypes were grouped into 10 clusters. The highest inter cluster distance was noticed between cluster I and X followed by cluster VIII and X. The intra cluster distance was highest in cluster X followed by cluster I.
To determine heterosis and combining ability, 15 lines and 3 testers were selected and subjected to line x tester analysis. Among 45 hybrids, maximum positive and significant heterosis over the best parent and the commercial check was noticed in the hybrids BGA-14 x CO and BGA-15 x AH, respectively. Lines, BGA-14 and BGA-15 were good general combiners and two crosses BGA-14 x CO and BGA-15 x AH were good specific combiners.
Generation mean analysis was carried out for three crosses viz., TCR 334 x Arka Harit, TCR 250 x CO-1 and IC44433 x Coimbatore Long. Scaling test revealed the presence of epistasis for most of the traits in majority of crosses. Additive gene effect (d) was significant for days to first harvesting, average fruit weight, fruit yield per plot, per hectare and flesh thickness in all the three crosses. Dominance gene effect (h) was significant for number of fruits per vine, average fruit weight, fruit yield per vine, plot and hectare in cross-I and II. Estimates of additive x additive (i) interaction were significant for number of fruits per vine in cross-I and II. Additive x dominance (j) interaction were significant for vine length at 45 DAS, fruit yield per vine, per plot, per hectare and ascorbic acid content in all the three crosses. Dominance x dominance interaction were significant for number of fruits per vine, per plot and per hectare in cross-I and III.
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TH551
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