NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF THE GRAINS AND LEAF NITRATE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY IN PIGEONPEA GENOTYPES

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Date
2002
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Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri.
Abstract
The present investigation aims at evaluating the proximate composition of grains of seventeen pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) genotypes. In addition, the nitrate reductase (NR) activity from the trifohate leaves of pigeonpea plants was standardized by an in vivo method. The nitrate reductase activity in the leaves of seventeen pigeonpea genotypes was also examined and correlated with gram protein contents. Further, it was desired to know the distribution of NR activity in different plant parts such as leaves, stems, petioles, roots and root nodules in 45-day-old pigeonpea plants. The pigeonpea plants were grown in soil-filled pots under natural daylight conditions during the months from June to August 2001. Grains of seventeen pigeonpea genotypes were analysed for biochemical parameters viz., moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, total carbohydrates and limiting amino acids such as methionine and tryptophan. The grains of all the cultivars differed significantly in their contents of moisture (7.82 to 12.38 %), ash (2.89 to 5.96 %), crude protein (16.93 to 26.92 %), crude fat (1.67 to 2.91 %), crude fibre (5.84 to 11.23 %), carbohydrates (51.84 to 60.79), methionine (0.80 to 1.16 g 16 g-1 N) and tryptophan (0.68 to 1.09 g 16 g-1 N). The infiltration media (5.0 ml) used for the determination of in vivo NR activity for plus KNO3 assays in pigeonpea trifoliate leaves were standardized in respect of nitrate (100 mM), n-propanol, (1 %, v/v) and Triton-X-100 (0.05 %, v/v). The diurnal variability was observed in NR activity in the trifoliate leaves of pigeonpea. The average NR activity was low at 8.00 a.m. in the morningl^ncreased rapidly as the day advanced, until it reached a maximum level at 2.00 p.m. The NR activity, however, declined during the afternoon hours, reaching to a minimal level at 6.00 p.m. The enzymatic potentials of NR from different leaves of 21-day-old plants indicated that the highest NR activity was observed in the cultivar ICPL-87, while the lowest was observed in ICPL-87119. The cotyledonary leaves had the highest NRA in all the cultivars investigated. The significant positive correlation between NR activity in different leaves and protein content in the grains of the pigeonpea genotypes indicated that the genotypes with higher protein content and NR activity such as ICPL-87 and PT-11-39 can be selected for further varietal improvement programmes. The highest NR activity was largely confined to petioles in 45-day-old pigeonpea plants indicating that petioles are the major site of nitrate reduction and assimilation in pigeonpea, which was followed by leaves and stems. The roots and root nodules, however, had much lower level of NR.
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