EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SENNOSIDES FROM SENNA (Cassia angustifolia VAHL.) SUPPLIED WITH FERTILIZER NITROGEN
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Date
1996
Authors
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Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri.
Abstract
An investigation was conducted at the Post Graduate
Instructional-cum-Research Farm, Mahatma Phule Krishi
Vidyapeeth, Rahuri with the twin objectives of studying the
effects of increasing N levels at a basal dose of P
fertilizer on the yield of sennosides from various plant
parts. Different solvents were also tried for the extraction
of total anthraquione and carboxylic (rhein) glycosides to
know their relative efficacy.
The results showed that crude fat, crude protein,
total carbohydrates and the ash content of the ripe pods were
higher than that of the unripe pods. However, the crude
protein and total carbohydrates content of the senna leaves
were significantly higher than that of ripe and unripe pods.
The application of increasing doses of nitrogen to senna crop
increased the crude fiber, crude fat and ash contents of
leaves and was optimum at 50 kg N/ha. The protein content of
the leaves increased gradually with an increase in the dose
of N and it was significantly higher at higher N dose. Maximum content of total anthraquinone and
carboxylic (rhein) glycosides was obtained when the senna
leaves, applied with 50 kg N/ha, were extracted with 70 per
cent ethanol containing 2 per cent HCl. Comparison of the
efficacy of different solvents revealed that recovery of
total anthraquione from the leaves and unripe pods of senna
was found to be maximum with 80 per cent acetone. The yield
of carboxylic (rhein) glycosides from the senna leaves was
maximum with 80 per cent acetone, closely followed by 70 per
cent ethanol; minimum recovery was obtained when the leaves
were extracted with PEG-200. However, maximum carboxylic
(rhein) glycosides from unripe pods were obtained with 70 per
cent ethanol and 80 per cent acetone when measured at 515 and
440 nm, respectively. The maximum recovery of total
sennosides (total anthraquinone + carboxylic (rhein)
glycosides) was obtained from the unripe pods extracted with
70 per cent ethanol, containing 2 per cent HCl. The studies
indicated that the yield of total sennosides of leaves can be
increased by the application of 50 kg N/ha and extracting the
leaves with 70 per cent ethanol containing 2 per cent HCl as
a suitable extractant.
The maximum recovery of total sennosides (total
anthraquinone + carboxylic (rhein) glycosides) was obtained
when the unripe pods were extracted with 70 per cent ethanol
containing 2 per cent HCl.
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