STUDIES ON COMPATABILITY 0F GROUNDNUT WITH LEGUMINOUS (SIRIS)ANDNON—LEGUMJNOUS(TEAK)TREES PECIES UNDER NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION IN DRYLANDS
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Date
1998
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Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University
Abstract
he experiment entitled "Studies on compatability ofgroundnut withleguminous (Siris) and non-leguminous (Teak) tree species under nitrogenand phosphorus fertilization in dry lands" was conducted duringkharif, 1995inalfisolsatStudent’sFarm,CollegeofAgriculture,Rajendranagar,Hyderabad to find out the performance of groundnut intercropped with Albizia Iebbeck (siris) and Tee/0m: grand/'5' (teak) tree species under different fertility levels. The experimental site was characterised by semi—arid climate with medium in organic carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium under siris tree canOpies and low in organic carbon, available nitrogen and available phosphorus and medium in available potassium under teaktreecanopies. Theexperimentwaslaidoutintwoyearoldsirisplantation and threeyear old teak plantation both spacedat4 x 2 m andalsoin open area for sole cropping ofgroundnut. The treatments comprised of three cropping systems as main plots viz, intercropping ofgroundnut in siris (1C1), intercropping ofgroundnut in teak (1C2) and sole cropping of groundnut (SC) and six fertility levels as sub plotswith three levels ofnitrogen (O, 20 and 40 kgha!) and two levels
ofphosphorus(Oand40kgha‘l)undersplitplotdesignwiththreereplications. The test variety ofgroundnut was K—134 (Vemana). Thegrowthparameterslikeplantheight,numberofleaves,drymatterproduction, leafarea and leafarea index and yield components likenumberofpegsplant‘l,numberof filledpodsplant'l, pegtopod percentage, shellingpercentage, test weight ofgroundnut under sole cropping and intercropping with siris were significantly better than intercrOpping with teak. The higher fertility levels of nitrogen ie. 40 kg ha'1 and phosphorus ie, 40 kg ha'I produced significantly better growth parameters and _\’1€ld attributes in comparision with other levels ofN and P. The pod yield ofsole cropped groundnut was maximum (1359 kg ha'l) when compared to intercropped groundnutwithsiris(1287kgha'l)followedbyteak(1007 kgha'l).Similarly application ofnitrogen at 40 kg ha'1 and phosphorus at 40 kg ha'1 resulted in considerable increase in pod yield of groundnut with values 1322 and 1361 kg ha"1 respectively over other levels ofnitrogen and phosphorus. The interaction between cropping systems and nitrogen levels revealed that the application ofnitrogen at 20 kg ha'1 proved to be economical under both sole cr0pping and intercropping with siris. Both nitrogen and phosphorus uptake at harvest were found higher in sole cropped groundnut which was almost similar to that of intercropped groundnut with siris than that of intercropped groundnut with teak at higher doses ofnitrogen and phosphorus. The soil chemical properties were ameliorated mainly in siris sitebecause of its leguminous nature and extensive root system resulting in extraction ofnutrients from deeper layers and enriching the site through leaf litter. Sole cropped groundnut resulted in higher gross returns (Rs. 19024ha'l),netreturns(Rs. 12026hail)andbene fitcostratio(1.70)thanintercroppedgroundnut with siris (Rs. 18263 ha'l, Rs. 11015 ha"1 and 1.56 respectively), while lowest returns were realised from intercrOpped groundnut with teak (Rs. 14101 ha'], 7103 ha'1 and 1.08 respectively). Economic benefits were also realised with increased levels of nitrogen upto 40 kg ha'] and also phosphorus upto 40 kg ha']. The results of present study amply indicated that under rainfedconditions, intercroppingofarable crops likegroundnutwith leguminoustree species like Albizia lebbcck (siris) under adequate fertilization has proved beneficial in enhancingyieldswhencomparedtonon—leguminoustreespecies like teak.
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