B-Mode Ocular Ultrasonography in Dogs and Horses
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Date
2012
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AAU, Anand
Abstract
The present clinical study entitled "B-Mode Ocular Ultrasonography in Dogs and Horses" was undertaken in 135 dogs (4 months -15 years) and 50 horses (1-15 years) of either sex from 01st April, 2011 to 31st March, 2012 at university clinic, Anand. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the normal and affected eyes was done using linear transducer (7.5-18 MHz) by transcomeal (129 dogs) and transpalpebral (six dogs) approaches. In 50 horses ocular ultrasonography (US) was performed by transpalpebral approach. In all animals corneal anesthesia was achieved with proparacaine HCl 0.5% instilled directly on cornea. Age wise distribution of canine cases revealed maximum incidence of ophthalmic affections in the age group of 5-10 years (39.26%, 53) followed by 10-15 years (28.89%, 39), 1-5 years (22.22%), 30) and 0-1 years (9.63%, 13). Breed wise ophthalmic affections were maximum in Pomeranian (59.26%, 80) followed by Labrador retriever (13.33%, 18), German shepherd (11.11%, 15), Beagle (5.18%, 7), Dalmatian, Golden retriever (2.96%, 4 in each), Doberman (2.22%, 3), Lhasa apso (1.48%, 2), Boxer and Pug (0.74%, 1 each). Sex wise distribution showed more affections in male (57.03%, 77) than females (42.97%, 58). Age wise distribution of equine cases revealed maximum ophthalmic affections in 5-10 years (36%, 18) followed by 10-15 years (30%, 15), 1-5 years (24%, 12) and 0-1 years (10%, 05). Breed wise incidence of ophthalmic affections was maximum in Kathiawadi and Marwari horses (40%), 20 each) followed by Sindhi (20%), 10). Sex wise distribution showed more affections in females (54%), 27) than males (46%, 23). In dogs and horses different ophthalmic parameters like anterior chamber depth, anterio-posterior depth of the lens, latero-medial diameter of the lens, vitreous depth and axial length were studied according to age, sex, breed, left and right eyes and normal and abnormal eyes. Different parameters of eye increased in dogs of age group greater than five years than 0-1 year. Parameters of eye like anterior chamber depth, vitreous depth and axial length were significantly longer in male dogs than female. Whereas anterioposterior depth and latero-medial diameter of the lens differed non significantly. According to breed, anterior chamber depth and latero-medial diameter of lens differed nonsignificantly, but anterio-posterior depth of the lens in Dalmatian and German shepherd differed significantly. Axial length in Dalmatian differed significantly than German shepherd and Labrador retriever. An insignificant difference was observed for different parameters between left and right eyes. In normal and abnormal eyes, anterior chamber depth differed nonsignificantly, but all other parameters like anterio-posterior depth of the lens, latero-medial diameter of the lens, vitreous depth and axial length differed significantly. Among types of canine cataracts, different ophthalmic parameters differed non significantly in 5-10 years age group, but all the eye parameters in morgagnian cataract differed significantly from immature, mature and hypermature cataracts in 10-15 years of age group. Out of 50 horses, five were of 0-1 year age group, 12 of 1-5 years, 18 of 5-10 years and 15 of 10-15 years. Anterior chamber depth, anterio-posterior depth of the lens, latero-medial diameter of the lens, vitreous depth and axial length increased with age. Different parameters of eyes in male and female, breed, left and right eye and normal and affected eyes varied non significantly. In dogs ophthalmic affections like cataract, luxation of lens, vitreous degeneration and (RD) were diagnosed. Secondary luxation of lens was seen in five cases, of which two had anterior luxation and rest posterior luxation. Detached vitreous revealed multicurved lines with different varying reflectors in 18 dogs; of which, four dogs had bilateral vitreous degeneration and in the rest (14) unilateral. Vitreal syneresis was observed in one dog. Vitreous degeneration was more in males than females. Fourteen cases of RD were diagnosed on US, of which five cases were in Pomeranian, with bilateral involvement in one case; four cases in Labrador retriever with bilateral involvement in two cases, one case each in Pug, Beagle, Golden retriever and German shepherd. In four cases close- close type of RD was found and in nine cases open-close type. In horse, five cases of RD were diagnosed, of which four were Kathiawadi and one Marwari. All cases revealed open-close type of RD. Eight horses diagnosed with Setaria eye worm in anterior chamber (6 cases) and vitreous body (2 cases). Thus ultrasonography is a safe and non-invasive method which can be used in diagnosis of ocular disorders as complementary to routine ophthalmic examinations in dogs and horses. Further this study established ocular echobiometry dimensions for certain breeds of dogs and horses bred in India.
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VETERINARY SURGERY AND RADIOLOGY, A STUDY