EVALUATION OF GUM GUAR (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) GENOTYPES FOR MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS AND GRAIN QUALITY
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Date
2016
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Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur
Abstract
The present investigation was aimed at evaluation of gum guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) genotypes for morpho-physiological traits and grain quality to identify superior guar genotypes for southern agro climatic region of AP. The guar varieties were tested under field conditions for morpho-physiological traits, yield attributes and biochemical parameters of seeds. The field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2015-16 at dry land farm, on sandy loam soils of Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Dry Land Farm, Tirupati of Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University. The experiment was conducted as a Randomized Block Design, replicated thrice with 10 treatments
The results revealed that all the morphological and physiological traits were varied significantly among ten guar genotypes except SLA and SLW. As semi-arid conditions prevail in southern agro-climatic zone, growth of all genotypes in terms of plant height and number of branches recorded higher values. RGC-936 recorded higher growth, whereas RGC-986 recorded lowest growth. Total plant dry matter accumulation and leaf area were significantly higher in RGG-13-4, RGC-936 and RGG-12-3 compared to all other genotypes, which denotes that they posses source strength. Dry matter at harvest showed positive correlation (R2 = 0.495) with seed yield.
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Physiological traits viz. CGR and NAR values varied significantly among the genotypes. RGG-13-4 and RGG-12-3 recorded higher CGR and NAR values. Among the leaf related physiological traits leaf area duration, leaf area index and total leaf chlorophyll content were also significantly higher in the two genotypes i.e. RGG-13-4 and RGG-12-3. In southern agroclimatic condition RGG-13-4 and RGG-12-3 recorded superior morphophysiological traits compared to all other genotypes. Leaf area index showed a positive correlation (R2 = 0.2534) with seed yield. As per the data on days to 50% flowering and days to physiological maturity GAUG-841, GAUG-4703-1 and RGC-936-1 can be grouped as short duration types (< 94 days) and other genotypes RGC-936, RGG-12-5, RGG-13-4, RGC-1003, RGG-12-3, RGC-986 and GA2G-0503 are grouped as long duration (> 100 days) types. The genotypes RGG-13-4 and RGG-12-3, which showed higher morpho-physiological traits also recorded high seed yield and its attributes, viz., number of clusters per plant and number of seeds per pod. Among the quality attributes total carbohydrates, seed protein and total free amino acids contents varied significantly and no single genotype showed superiority for all the three quality attributes.
Gum viscosity and gum content of guar seed important in terms of economic value. Genotypes RGC-936, RGC-936-1, GA2G-0503, RGC-1003 and RGG-12-3 recorded superior gum viscosity (> 4000 milli pascals second-1) and GAUG-4703-1 and GA2G-0503 recorded higher gum content (> 30%), whereas RGG-13-4 and GAUG-841 are having poor gum content of less than 25 per cent. Gum viscosity recorded a weak negative correlation (R2 = -0.1144) with seed yield.
Based on morpho-physiological traits, seed yield and its quality RGG-12-3 is superior in this southern climatic zone followed by RGC-936-1, GAUG-4703-1 and GA2G-0503. Though RGG-13-4 recorded higher seed yield, it possess poor quality in terms of guar content and its viscosity.
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D5331
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