Study of organized and unorganized sector of poultry production in Rajouri District of Jammu and Kashmir state
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Date
2017
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SKUAST-Jammu
Abstract
The study entitled “Study of organized and unorganized sector of poultry production in Rajouri District of Jammu and Kashmir” was conducted to determine the managemental practices, profitability, employment generation and income utilization under various systems of poultry production and the constraints encountered by poultry farmers in raising poultry. Out of 19 blocks of Rajouri district, five blocks were selected purposively having presence of good number of poultry farmers. A compressive list of both organised and unorganised (backyard) farms were prepared. From the prepared list, 12 poultry farms each from organised and unorganised system of poultry production were selected randomly, making a total of 120 respondents for the study. The data were collected from the selected respondent with the help of structured interview schedule through personal interview technique.
Majority of the respondents were middle aged group (51.7%) belonging to schedule tribe (39.2%), having medium size and nuclear type families and were either higher secondary pass (25%) or graduate and above (30%). Majority (63.3%) of the respondents had ‘animal husbandry (including poultry) and agriculture’ as the main occupation. Major portion of the gross income of the poultry farmers were coming from agriculture (23.3%) in case of organized and from services (49%) in unorganised farms, whereas income from poultry rearing were 12.41 per cent and 1.32 per cent from organised and unorganised system respectively. Income generated from the poultry enterprises was mostly used for improvement of poultry farms and general household expenditure in organized and unorganized sector respectively. In both system of poultry production majority of respondents were getting ‘very often’ information from veterinarian (55%) as formal source and from other poultry farmers in the village (25%) as informal source. In organized system semi- intensive and intensive system of poultry rearing were practised whereas, in unorganized system (backyard farming) extensive systems of rearing were followed. Majority of respondents (91.7%) were providing tap water as a source of drinking water to their birds and only 8.3 per cent respondents used water from natural sources such as spring waters (Chashme Wahae) while in backyard system of poultry rearing, respondent used open drains as a source of drinking water. In organized system of poultry rearing, majority (66.7%) of respondents got treatment of their sick birds by veterinary doctors. Major mortality in organised farms were due to outbreak of diseases such as Coccidiosis and IBD affecting the production. In unorganized system, majority (40%) of respondents treated the sick birds by themselves followed by paravets(). Mortality of birds in their farms were due to the attack of predators, other diseases such as Fowl pox, Coccidiosis, IBD and Ranikhet were reported which affects production. Majority of respondents of organized system purchased their chick from Govt. hatchery (60%) and local input dealer/ private hatcheries (40%) respectively while unorganized poultry farmers used natural hatching at home. Majority respondents of organized system sold their birds (broiler) at 6 weeks of age while in unorganised majority of respondents sold their birds after 80 weeks. Majority of respondents disposed their birds when the body weight reached 1.25 kg in organized system and more than the 3 kg in unorganized system. In unorganized system birds were sold on special occasion. In organized system most of the respondents sold their birds through middleman according to the market price. The employment was also higher in organized system of poultry production. The independent variables education (0.0313*), poultry farming experience (0.2034**), training received (0.3241**), flock size (0.4321**), contact with extension agency (0.1278**) and exposure to mass media (0.3216**) had positive and highly significant correlation in organized poultry production while positive and non significant correlations were observed in unorganised poultry production. It was found that age of poultry owners had negative and highly significant correlation with the management practices in both organised (-0.2130**) and unorganized (-0.1423*) poultry production poultry. Family size and size of land holding had positive and non significant correlation in both organised and unorganised poultry production. The main constraints of the organized system of poultry production were high cost of poultry feed and supplements, fluctuating price of chicks, lack of breeding stock, high rate of interest on loan and high incidences of diseases, whereas attack of predators, lack of credit facility, non-availability of improved birds for backyard poultry and lack of extension services were main constraints of the unorganized system of poultry production.
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