Effect of weed management and planting methods on growth and yield of direct seeded rice.
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Date
2017
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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)
Abstract
A field experiment was planned and conducted duringkharif season of 2016 at the Research Farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur(Bihar) to investigate the “Effect of weed management and planting methods on growth and yield of direct seeded rice.”
The experiment was laid outin split plot design with three replications.Treatments consisted ofthree planting methods in main plots (M1 : Puddled, M2 : Zero-tillage and M3 : Dry-seeding ) and seven weed management practices in sub-plots ( T1 : Pendimethalin @ 1.0 Kg/ha(PE), T2: Pretilachlor @ 1.5 Kg/ha (PE), T3: Pendimethalin @ 1.0 Kg/ha(PE)fbone hand weeding at 30 DAS, T4: Pretilachlor @ 1.5 Kg/ha(PE)fbone hand weeding at 30 DAS, T5 : Dhaincha(Sesbaniaaculeata)fb2,4-D @ 1 Kg/ha at 25 DAS, T6 : Two handweedings at 20 and 40 DAS, T7 : Weedy check.
The crop variety RajendraBhagwati was sown on 3 July, 2016. Observations on various growth parameters, yield attributes and yield were recorded. Studies were made on total weed count, weed dry matter accumulation, weed control efficiency and weed index. Weeds were collected at 90 DAS for estimation of nutrients (N,P and K) and their uptake by weeds. The grain and straw samples at harvest were collected for estimation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash and total uptake of NPK. Finally, the economics of different treatments were worked out.
Weed management treatments significantly influenced various growth parameters, yield attributes and yield of rice crop. Plant height, number of tillers/m2, plant dry matter accumulation, yield attributes and yield had significantly higher underpuddled planting method (M1) followed by M2- zero-tillage planting method(M2). Among weed management practices,the corresponding values were recorded higher under treatment T6 (two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAS) followed by T4 (Pretilachlor @ 1.5 kg/ha (PE) fbone hand weeding at 30 DAS.
The prominent annual weeds found in the experimental plot were grasses:Cyanodondactylon and Echinochloacolonum, Echinochloacrusgalli; sedges: Cyperusrotundus,Cyperusiriaand among broad–leavedweeds,Caesuliaaxillaris,Eclipta alba, Phyllanthusniruri, Cannabissativa, Physallisminima, Ageratumconyzoides, Dactylocteniumaegyptium. All the weed control treatments reduced the weed population and weed dry weight,significantly over weedy check. Among planting methods,M1(puddled)had the minimum weed population and weed dry weight followed significantly by M2(zero-tillage) and M3(dry-seeding). Among weed management treatments, hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS (T6) reduced the weed population and weed dry weight significantly. This was closely followed by Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg/ha(PE) at 30 DAS (T4) and Pretilachlor @ 1.5 kg/ha at 30 DAS (T3) being statistically alive. The weed control efficiency was found to be maximum under two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAS (T6) followed by treatment T4 and T3 while the weed index was recorded to be minimum under (T4) Pretilachlor @ 1.5kg/ha(PE)fbone hand weeding at 30 DAS.
Among planting methods, treatment M1 (puddled)generatedmaximum gross return ( 61,237/ha) and net return ( 34,088/ha) with B:C ratio of 1.25 and was found significantly superior over M2 (zero-tillage) and M3 (dry-seeding). Among weed management treatments, highest gross return ( 65,356/ha) and net return ( 34,366/ha) were recorded under T6 (two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAS)which however, was found statistically at par with T5- Dhaincha(Sesbaniaaculeata)fb2,4-D at 25 DAS which generated a net return of 33,986/ha.
Sofar as B:C ratio was concerned, treatment T5 (Dhaincha (Sesbaniaaculaeta) fb2,4-D at25 DAS) recorded highest B:C ratio of 1.38 and was found significantly superior over rest of the weed management practices. The lowest B:C ratio was obtained under weedy check (0.53).
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