Assessment of germplasm for variation in acquisition and utilization of phosphorus in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]
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Date
2017
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The present study was carried out to determine the extent of genotypic variation in pigeonpea germplasm on the basis of morpho-physiological parameters, phosphorus (P) content and root acid phosphatase activity at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The pot experiment was conducted in factorial complete randomized design (FCRD). Pots were divided into two sets; plants in one set were given recommended dose of P while no P was added in other set. The observations were recorded at 60 days after sowing. Data were recorded for traits related to shoot (length, dry weight, number of leaves, area), root (volume, length, dry weight, area, perimeter) and acid phosphatase activity (APase). Phosphorus content was estimated in leaf, stem and root. Significant variation was found among all the genotypes for morphological traits. Genotypes exhibiting more root dry weight, area and perimeter also showed more P uptake. Activity of acid phosphatase among all genotypes increased in no added P condition and differences were significant. Root traits based clustering indicated that genotypes ICPL20330, ICPL20340, ICPL88039, MN5, P2001, P2002, AH0911, AL1634, H005, H0512, H0533, H8622, IC245219 and ICPL93081exhibted maximum average value. Phosphorus use efficient genotypes have ability to take immobile P from low P soil conditions by modifying root architecture. Various morpho-physiological, biochemical and yield characteristics of selected P use efficient and non efficient genotypes were analyzed at various developmental stages under field conditions. Genotypes such as H005, ICPL88039 and ICPL93081 exhibited 8.6%, 6.9% and 1.8% increase in root area under no added P condition, respectively. The activity of APase enzyme was recorded highest in ICPL88039 followed by MN5, ICPL20340 and PAU881 under P not added condition at all growth stages while less enzyme activity was determined in these genotypes under P recommend dose condition. It revealed that these pigeonpea genotype syntheses more APase to mobilize the unavailable form of soil P. Yield and yield attributes were recorded maximum in P use efficient genotypes under both P treatments. The P use efficient genotypes with improved root morphological phenes have potential to acquire and utilize more P from immobile soil bound P sources may be of additional factor for increasing efficiency of acquisition and utilization of supplied P fertilizer.
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