Effect of different sowing methods and herbicides on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in South-East Bihar
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Date
2017
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DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY NAINI AGRICULTURAL INSITUTE SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES
Abstract
A field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different methods of sowing and
herbicide application on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during rabi season
of 2013-14 and 2014-15 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jamui, Bihar which is situated between N
24050’502” latitude, E 86018’290” longitude and at an altitute of 79 m above mean sea level.
The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with two methods of sowing viz.
Zero tillage and Conventional tillage and thirteen herbicide treatments, each replicated thrice.
The treatment combinations of herbicides were W1- weedy check (control), W2- weed free,
W3- 2,4 – D Na salt at 0.5 kg ha-1, W4- Isoproturon at 1.0 kg ha-1, W5- 2,4 – D Na salt at 0.5
kg ha-1 + Isoproturon at 1.0 kg ha-1, W6- Clodinafop at 60 g ha-1, W7- Carfentrazone at 20 g
ha-1,W8- Clodinafop at 60 g ha-1 + Carfentrazone at 20 g ha-1, W9- Clodinafop at 50 g ha-1 +
Carfentrazone at 20 g ha-1,W10- Sulfosulfuron at 25 g ha-1, W11- Metsulfuron at 4 g ha-1,W12-
Sulfosulfuron at 25 g ha-1 + Metsulfuron at 4 g ha-1 and W13- Sulfosulfuron at 25 g ha-1 +
Metasufuron at 3 g ha-1. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture having
available nitrogen 250.7 Kg ha-1, available phosphorus 31.4 Kg ha-1 and available potassium
176.5 Kg ha-1 having soil reaction pH (6.78). The variety used in the experiment was PBW-
502 at a seed rate of 125 Kg ha-1. In the experimental field the major weed flora consisted of
Anagallis arvensis L.,Melilotus indica L., Chenopodium album L., Convolvulus arvensis L.,
Melilotus alba L., Vicia sativa L. among broad leaved weeds, Phalaris minor Retz., Avena
ludoviciana L. among grasses and Cyprus rotundus L. as sedges. All weed control treatments
recorded significantly lesser weed density and dry matter of weeds than weedy check. Among
the herbicides, Sulfosulfuron at 25 g ha-1 + Metsulfuron at 4 g ha-1 was found to be the best
herbicide for controlling weed population. The pooled value recorded 8.46 and 3.29 number
m-2 at 60 and 90 DAS and resulting in lowest weed dry weight (4.63 and 1.16 g) followed by
Clodinafop at 60 g ha-1 + Carfentrazone at 20 g ha-1 and both these combination of herbicides
were significantly superior over rest of the herbicides. Among sowing methods, weed control
efficiency (46.41 and 89.62 at 60 and 90 DAS) was higher in zero tillage treatments than
conventional treatments in both the years of investigation. ZT + herbicides application of
Sulfosulfuron + Metsulfuron as post emergence recorded maximum WCE and lower weed
index (WI) in both the years of investigation. Zero tillage recorded significantly higher wheat
crop growth parameters as per pooled at 90 DAS viz. plant height (89.62 cm), number of
tillers (86.17) and dry matter accumulation (49.30 g). Higher crop growth rate and relative
growth rate was also recorded under zero tillage than under conventional tillage. Herbicides
in combination were found to be more effective in checking weed population than single
application of herbicides.
Tillage methods and weed management practices significantly influenced yield attributes in
both the years of investigation. Zero tillage method of sowing and application of
Sulfosulfuron at 25 g ha-1 + Metsulfuron at 4 g ha-1 recorded higher yield attributes viz. no. of
effective tillers (104.99 running-1 row meter), spike length (10.97 cm), no. of grains spike-1
(54.13) and test weight (41.69 g) than conventional tillage treatments with same combination
of herbicides. Maximum grain yield (4.25 t ha-1) and straw yield (6.36 t ha-1) of wheat was
recorded in zero tillage was significantly higher than that recorded under conventional tillage.
Grain yield obtained under zero tillage + Sulfosulfuron 25 g ha-1 + Metsulfuron application 4
g ha-1 was (26.48%) higher than conventional tillage with same combination of herbicides.
Wheat sown by zero tillage method of sowing + Sulfosulfuron at 25 g ha-1 + Metsulfuron at 4
g ha-1 recorded maximum gross return ( Rs. 91,464.92 ) , net return (Rs. 63,379.92) and BC
ratio (2.25 ).
Description
Ph.d. thesis
Keywords
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