M-Mode Echocardiographic Measurements In Healthy Labrador Dogs
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Date
2011
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Publisher
MAFSU, Nagpur.
Abstract
“M-MODE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS IN HEALTHY
LABRADOR DOGS”
The aim of this study was to establish normal reference M-mode
echocardiographic values for Labrador breed of dog under Indian conditions.
Mean, standard deviation and standard error were calculated for each parameter.
Correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the potential dependence of
intracardiac parameters on body weight and body surface area. Males and
females were considered separately. Each parameter was analysed statistically
to check effect of gender on M-mode echocardiographic parameters. M-mode
echocardiography was performed on17 healthy Labrador dogs (10 males and 7
females) and measurements were made from right parasternal long axis four
chamber view at the level of left ventricle (below mitral valve leaflet) and mitral
valve as well as right parasternal short axis view at the level of aorta. All the
diagnostic examinations including M-mode echocardiography in these 17 dogs
were performed without use of any sedation or anaesthesia. The following
parameters were measured on the echocardiographic images: Right ventricular
diameter in diastole (RVDD), Interventricular septum in diastole (IVSD),
Interventricular septum in systole (IVSS), Left ventricular diameter in diastole
(LVDD), Left ventricular diameter in systole (LVDS), Posterior wall in diastole
(PWD), Posterior wall in systole (PWS), Ejection fraction (EF), Fractional
shortening (FS), Shortening percentage (S%), Posterior wall percentage (PW%),
Left atrium (LA), Aorta (Ao), Left atrium to Aorta ratio (LA/Ao), Left ventricular
mass (LVM) and E point to septal separation (EPSS). The effect of gender on
each echocardiographic parameter was analyzed and the relationship of body
weight (BW) and body surface area (BSA) with each parameter were also
investigated. There was no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) found between males
and females with respect to the values of all these parameters mentioned above.
Parameters viz. RVDD, IVSD, IVSS, PWD and LVM correlated positively (+ve)
whereas S%, PW%, EPSS correlated negatively (-ve) with body weight and body
surface area both in males and females. LVDD, LVDS, PWS, EF, FS correlated
negatively (–ve) in males and positively (+ve) in females with body weight and
body surface area. LA, AO, and LA:AO ratio had positive (+ve) correlation in males
while negative (–ve) correlation in females with body weight and body surface area Along with all the parameters mentioned above left ventricular systolic
time intervals viz. pre ejection period (PEP), left ventricular ejection time (LVET),
Q to aortic valve closure (QAVC) and PEP/LVET ratio were also determined and
correlated with the body weight and body surface area. The effect of gender on
left ventricular systolic time intervals was also determined. Parameters viz. LVET,
QAVC had positive (+ve) correlation with body weight and body surface area
both in males and females whereas PEP, PEP/LVET ratio had positive (+ve)
correlation in males and negative (–ve) correlation in females with body weight
and body surface area. The values of these parameters did not differ significantly
(p ≥ 0.05) between males and females.
In conclusion, the results of this study confirmed that breed-specific
reference values are mandatory for interpretation and accurate diagnosis of
cardiac ailments using echocardiography. The results of this study can be used
as ‘reference values’ in order to avoid over interpretation of cardiac dilatation,
hypertrophy and/or diminished cardiac contractility Labrador dogs.
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