STUDIES ON INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN KINNOW MANDARIN (CITRUS NOBILIS X CITRUS DELICIOSA)
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Date
2016
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu
Abstract
The present investigations entitled "Studies on integrated nutrient management in Kinnow mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour x Citrus deliciosa Tenore)" were carried out in the Research Orchard of Division of Fruit Science, Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-J, Udheywalla, during 2013 and 2014 to study the effect of organics (FYM, poultry manure and vermicompost) integrated with urea and Azotobacter on growth, yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin.. Kinnow plants recorded increase in plant height of 12.39 per cent, plant spread (12.37% NS and 12.66% EW) and 35.79 per cent canopy volume with the application of 25 per cent nitrogen through FYM and remaining nitrogen through urea augmented with Azotobacter and was at par with the plants supplied with cent per cent nitrogen in the form of urea augmented with Azotobacter. With the application of 25 per cent nitrogen as vermicompost and remaining as urea augmented with Azotobacter, Kinnow plants recorded an increase in plant height of 11.97 per cent, plant spread (11.88 % NS and 11.76 % EW) and 33.87 per cent canopy volume. With the application of 50 per cent nitrogen as poultry manure and remaining as urea augmented with Azotobacter, Kinnow plants recorded an increase of 13.71 per cent in plant height, plant spread (12.89 % NS and 13.42% EW) and 36.06 per cent canopy volume. The physico-chemical characteristics of Kinnow mandarin fruits were significantly influenced with integrated use of organics, urea and Azotobacter. Application of 25 per cent nitrogen as FYM and remaining as urea augmented with Azotobacter resulted in maximum number of fruits (157.17), fruit weight (186.40 g), fruit volume (186.00 cc), fruit size (5.72 x 6.44 cm), juice content (54.22%) and fruit yield (29.08 kg per plant) compared to all other treatments. Similarly, plants supplied with 25 per cent nitrogen as vermicompost and 75 per cent nitrogen as urea augmented with Azotobacter recorded maximum number of fruits (162.50), fruit weight (187.37 g), fruit volume (189.33 cc), fruit size (5.75 x 6.64 cm) and fruit yield (30.45 kg per plant) and plants supplied with 50 per-cent nitrogen as poultry manure in combination with Azotobacter recorded maximum number of fruits (165.5), fruit weight (188.18 g), fruit volume (191.83 cc), fruit size (5.84 X 6.53 cm), juice content (54.56 %) and fruit yield (31.14 kg per plant) which was at par with cent per cent application of nitrogen through urea augmented with Azotobacter. TSS, ascorbic acid content, total sugars and reducing sugar was highest in fruits obtained from plants supplied with 25 per cent nitrogen as FYM + 75 per cent nitrogen as urea augmented with Azotobacter recording 11.03 °Brix, 26.71 mg per 100 g of pulp, 5.92 % and 2.81 % respectively. By replacement of 25 per cent nitrogen with vermicompost, highest TSS (11.02 °Brix), total sugars (5.91 %), reducing sugar (2.82 %) and non-reducing sugars (2.96 %) were recorded. Replacing 75 per cent inorganic nitrogen with poultry manure augmented with Azotobacter resulted in maximum TSS (11.08°Brix), total sugars (5.97 %), reducing sugars (2.86 %) and non-reducing sugars (2.96 %). Highest total polyphenol content (62.36 mg GAE per 100 ml juice) was recorded under control. Use of organics alone or in combination with inorganics and Azotobacter influenced leaf
and fruit nutrient content as well as soil microbial population in Kinnow mandarin. Use of FYM to supply cent per cent nitrogen augmented with Azotobacter resulted in highest Azotobacter counts (28.6 x10<sup>6</sup>cfu), bacterial counts (29.6 x 10<sup>6</sup>cfu) and fungal counts (26.1 x 10<sup>5</sup>cfu). Similarly use of cent per cent nitrogen as poultry manure recorded maximum Azotobacter counts (27.3 x10<sup>6</sup>cfu), bacterial counts (29.2 x 10<sup>6</sup>cfu) and fungal counts (26.1 x 10<sup>6</sup>cfu). Replacing cent per cent nitrogen with vermicompost augmented with Azotobacter recorded maximum Azotobacter counts (31.6 xc10<sup>6</sup>cfu), bacterial counts (28.9 x 10<sup>6</sup>cfu) and fungal counts (35.5 x 10<sup>5</sup>cfu) in rhizosphere of Kinnow mandarin. Economics of integrated nutrient management in Kinnow mandarin was worked out and highest cost benefit ratio (1:3.28) per hectare was obtained with the integrated application 50 per cent nitrogen through poultry manure and 50 per cent nitrogen through urea augmented with Azotobacter which was followed by cost benefit ratio of 1:3.06 obtained with the application of 25 per cent application of nitrogen as FYM and 75 per cent through urea augmented with Azotobacter. From the present investigation, it can be concluded that for improving the growth, yield and
quality of Kinnow mandarin, 50 per cent nitrogen requirement could be met through urea and 50 per cent through poultry manure or with the application of 75 per cent nitrogen through urea and 25 per cent nitrogen either through FYM along with Azotobacter or 25 per cent nitrogen through vermicompost augmented with Azotobacter.
Keywords: Kinnow mandarin, INM, organic manure, yield, quality, economics.
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