SOIL FORMATION ALONG A TOPOSEQUENCE OVER A SCHIST LANDSCAPE

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2014-07-30
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SOIL FORMATION ALONG A TOPOSEQUENCE OVER A SCHIST LANDSCAPE VEERESH (PG 10 AGR 2059) 2014 Dr. H.V. RUDRAMURTHY ABSTRACT Major Advisor Three representative diversified pedons namely red, brown and black from the geomorphic units’ top, middle and bottom slopes, respectively in a toposequence on schist landscape from a Gogi village of Shahapur taluk, Yadgir district, of north Karnataka belongs to north eastern dry zone were studied for their morphological, physical and chemical features to understand their genesis and to classify them as per USDA soil taxonomy. Red pedon was well drained as it recorded the highest (3) moist chroma and the drainage got poor down the slope in brown and black pedons where the moist chroma was 2 and 1 respectively. Dominant soil colour hue was 5YR in red pedon and it was 7.5 YR and 10 YR in brown and black pedons, respectively. Soil texture got finer down the slope and it was gravelly clay loam in red pedon and clay in both brown and black pedons. Clay skins, pressure faces and slickensides were observed in red, brown and black pedons, respectively. CEC/clay, Feo/Fed and Sio2/Fe2o3 ratios showed increasing trend down the slope. Genesis of these toposequence soils is attributed to the same parent roc, schist as the chemical composition of fine sand fraction was almost same in all the pedons and to the differences in chemical weathering due to the differences in drainage conditioned by topography. The pedogenic processes associated with the top slope member red pedon were leaching, decalcification, tendency of desilicification, laterization and kaolinization under well drained condition whereas, the middle and bottom slope members brown and black pedons were formed by the pedogenic processes calcification and silicification under poor drainage condition. Thus Drainage, micro climate and leaching environment conditioned by the relief at the geomorphic units’ top, middle and bottom slopes have played a key role in the genesis of these soils. Redistribution of soluble constituents through lateral movement and particulate matter through erosion down the slope has led to formation of these soils and is evident from both base saturation and calcareousness of these soils. At subgroup level red, brown and black pedons were classified as Typic Haplustalf, Vertic Haplustept and Lithic Calciustert.
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