ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF Oroxylum indicum ON HUMORAL AND CELL MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE ARMS IN BROILER CHICKS

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Date
2009
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Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract
In our present study on the topic “Assessing the effect of Oroxylum indicum on humoral and cell mediated response arms in broiler chicks”, the immunomodulatory properties of a reputed Ayurvedic herb, Oroxylum indicum was assessed using various experimental parameters. During the study, 100 day old broiler chicks were procured and grouped into 5 experimental groups viz. T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 comprising of 20 chicks each, on day 7. The chicks were vaccinated against Ranikhet disease (RD) virus on day 7(F1 strain) and day 28 (R2B strain) except the fifth group which served as unvaccinated control group. All the groups of chicks were vaccinated against Infectious bursal disease (IBD) on day 14 (Georgia stain). The birds were maintained under similar managemental conditions and exposure to any sort of injury or stress was avoided. First two groups of chicks, T1 and T2 were fed O. indicum stem bark and root bark powder respectively each @ 250 mg/kg b. wt. For comparison, a Levamisole fed group T3 was included in the experimental design to compare the immunomodulatory effect of of the preparations of O. indicum with that of a known positive immunomodulator Levamisole fed @10 mg/kg b.wt. The other two groups T4 and T5 included in the experimental design served as the vaccinated and unvaccinated control group respectively. The effect of the herb on humoral immune response was evaluated using beta procedure of haemagglutination inhibition test against RD virus, as per the standard protocol of Buxton and Frazer (1977). The effect of treatment on cell mediated immune response of the chicks was monitored through contact sensitivity test as per Tiwary and Goel (1985) with slight modification. Certain blood biochemical profiles viz. total serum protein, serum albumin, serum globulin, albumin-globulin ratio and haemoglobin concentration were also estimated at the end of the experiment. Effect of feeding O. indicum preparations on average body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of birds was also estimated at weekly intervals. The HI test conducted on serum samples of 6 randomly selected birds of each group at weekly intervals showed significantly higher MHI Ab titre in the Levamisole treated group than any other experimental group, after 21 days. O. indicum root bark powder showed a significant effect on humoral immune response as judged by the MHI Ab titre of the broilers, 2 weeks after treatment. O. indicum stem bark powder showed no significant effect on this humoral immune response parameter. The contact sensitivity test was conducted with DNFB as contact sensitizer to assess the effect of O. indicum on Cell mediated immune response which was observed in the form of an increase in the mean skin thickness (MST) of the DNFB challenged area of skin of the birds. The peak delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, represented by maximum MST, was observed 24 hrs. post challenge. The MST of Levamisole treated group was significantly higher than the control at 6, 24, 48 and 72 hrs post challenge. O. indicum root bark fed group showed significantly higher MST than the control groups at 24 and 48 hrs. post challenge. Feeding of O. indicum stem bark powder showed no significant effect on the MST of the DNFB challenged birds. All the chicks of all the groups showed significantly higher MST on the challenged site when compared to MST of control site of the chicks. Serum samples collected on day were used for the estimation of the blood biochemical profile viz. total serum protein and serum albumin using Coral diagnostic kit and serum globulin and albumin-globulin ratio were further evaluated. The treatment groups showed no significant difference in their blood biochemical profiles, however the Levamisole and O. indicum stem bark & root bark powder fed groups showed higher total serum protein and serum globulin levels than the control groups. At the end of the experiment, uncoagulated blood was collected from representative samples of each group for haemoglobin estimation. The treatments showed no significant effect on the Hb% of the broilers. O. indicum root bark powder fed group showed higher average body weight than any other experimental group at any point of time and the average body weight of the group was observed to be significantly higher than the control groups on day 42. The average body weight of the three test groups however did not differ significantly from each other at any point of time. O. indicum root bark powder fed group showed better FCR than other groups followed by O. indicum stem bark powder and Levamisole fed groups and further by the vaccinated and unvaccinated control groups of chicks. Based on the above findings, it may be said that O. indicum root bark in its powder form, when fed @ 250 mg/kg b. wt., has a stimulatory effect on the humoral immune response and feed conversion efficiency of the broilers whereas its stem bark preparation given at the same dose rate has no significant effect on the above mentioned parameters. However the immunomodulatory effect of Levamisole is higher than the herbal preparations. Our present study with the herbal prepartions showed no significant effect on blood biochemical profiles. Further, effect of its feeding on cell mediated immune response also remained inconclusive. Thus, we can conclude that O. indicum root bark powder may be recommended as a safe and commercially beneficial immunomodulator for better humoral immune response on mass vaccination and side by side to get better body weight gain in the flock for commercial benefit.
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ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF Oroxylum indicum ON HUMORAL AND CELL MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE ARMS IN BROILER CHICKS
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