Agronomic biofortification and enhancement of productivity in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties
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Date
2014
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PAU
Abstract
The present study entitled, “Agronomic biofortification and enhancement of productivity in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties” was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during rabi 2011-12 and 2012-13 under timely-sown, irrigated conditions on loamy sand soil (Typic Ustochrept) testing near normal in pH, low EC, low in available N, medium in available P and K, low in available Cu and Mn. The experiment I was laid out in split-plot design with three bread wheat varieties viz. HD 2967, PBW 621 and PBW 550 in main plot in combination with nine nutrient management treatments (T1: NPK alone as control, T2: NPK + Zn (s), T3: NPK + Zn (f), T4: NPK + Zn (s) + Zn (f), T5: NPK + Fe (f), T6: NPK + Zn (s) + N50, T7: NPK + N50 + Zn (f), T8: NPK + Zn (s) + N50 + Zn (f) and T9: NPK + N50 + Fe (f) in the sub plots. In the experiment II, the three varieties were sown in the main plot as stated above. In the sub plots, seven nutrient treatments were T1: NPK (Control), T2: NPK + Mn (f), T3: NPK + Cu (f), T4: NPK + Mn (f) + Cu (f), T5: NPK + N50 + Mn (f), T6: NPK + N50 + Cu (f) and T7: NPK + N50 + Mn (f) + Cu (f). Three foliar sprays of ZnSO4. 7H2O and FeSO4. 7H2O were done for experiment I and three foliar sprays of 0.5% MnSO4. H2O and 0.1 % CuSO4. 5H2O were done for experiment II separately at mid-boot, pre-milk and dough stages and elevated dose of N as top-dressing @ 50 kg/ha at 80 DAS was applied. In the experiment I and II, among varieties, PBW 550 recorded the highest yield components and qualitative improvement in grain physico-chemical characters (except Phenol Reaction Score and β Carotene), which were significantly better than PBW 621 and HD 2967 during both years of study. In the experiment I, treatments of nutrient management improved growth and yield-attributing characters, grain and straw yield, highest N content, Zn and Fe concentration and uptake in grain, straw and crop were recorded during both years of study for treatment T8: NPK + Zn (s) + N50 + Zn (f) for which grain yield increased to (55.85, 56.63 q/ha) by (54.67, 70.94 %) from control (36.11, 33.07 q/ha). Grain Zn concentration increased by (56.47, 62.81%) from (23.64, 22.48 μg/g) of control to (36.99, 36.60 μg/g) for T8 : NPK + Zn (s) + N50 + Zn (f). Grain Fe concentration increased by (38.71, 19.33 %) from (31.31, 30.67 μg/g) in control to (43.43, 43.04 μg/g) in T8. In the experiment II, grain yield increased by (85.1, 65.21 %) from (29.25, 32.51 q/ha) in control to (54.15, 53.71 q/ha) for best treatment T7: NPK + N50 + Mn (f) + Cu (f).. Grain Mn concentration increased by (46.57, 52.32 %) from (25.62, 25.25 μg/g) control to (37.55, 38.46 μg/g) in treatment T7. Grain Cu concentration increased by (74.11, 94.65 %) from (3.40, 2.99 μg/g) in control to (5.92, 5.82 μg/g) in treatment T7.
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Keywords
grain, wheats, yields, developmental stages, nutrients, crop residues, nitrogen, crops, concentrates, nutrient management