THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF HERBAL FORMULATIONS IN DIARRHOEIC CALVES
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Date
2016
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Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University Jabalpur
Abstract
Diarrhoea is defined as an increased frequency, fluidity or volume of faecal excretion. In this clinical episode, the complex haemato-biochemical changes are characterized by imbalanced fluid, electrolytes and acid base status. Diarrhoea in pre-weaned calves is one of the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in the replacement livestock. Calf diarrhoea adversely affects the health status and longevity in the herd and long-term herd productivity. Overfeeding of colostrum, stress, anxiety, food allergy and drug side effects represent the non infectious causes, and do not need antimicrobial therapy. The present work was aimed to study the prevalence of diarrhoea in calves. During the study period, 100 buffalo calves (up to 3 months of age), of either sex in the organized and unorganized sectors were screened. Diarrhoea was confirmed by history and thorough clinical examination of suspected calves.
For therapeutic trial 24 diarrhoeic calves were randomly divided into 4 groups, (T1,T2,T3 and T4) comprising 6 calves in each group. Additionally, 6 apparently healthy calves served as the control group (Tc). Calves of group T1 were treated with Aegle marmelos (Bael) unriped fruit powder @ 5g t.i.d, PO 5 days, T2 group with Aegle marmelos (Bael) unriped fruit powder @ 5g t.i.d. and Synbiotic @ 5g t.i.d., PO for 5 days, group T3 with Holarrhena antidysenterica (Kutaja) bark powder @ 5g t.i.d., PO for 5 days, calves of T4 Holarrhena antidysenterica (Kutaja) bark powder @ 5g t.i.d. and Synbiotic @ 5g t.i.d., PO for 5 days. In each treatment group, Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) was prepared in the laboratory and given @ 50ml/Kg b. wt. b.i.d. PO for 5 days.
The overall prevalence of diarrhoea was reported as 29%. The prevalence of diarrhoea in male was found higher (38.63%) as compared to female calves. The highest prevalence of diarrhoea was recorded in calves upto 1 month postpartum 39.58%. No significant changes were observed in rectal temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate and body weight in all the treatment groups.
Haemato- biochemical profile revealed significant difference in haemoglobin, packed cell volume, serum total protein, albumin, chloride, sodium and potassium concentration in all the treatment groups. However, no significant changes were observed in total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count, mean corpuscular volume, Mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, globulin, and A/G ratio.
The therapeutic trial in the study revealed that the most efficacious herbal formulation was T4 followed by T2, T3 and least was T1. These findings were based on the results of early improvement in the general body condition and physical well being obtained with combination therapy in group T4 (Holarrhena antidysenterica (Kutaja) bark powder @ 5g t.i.d. and Synbiotic @ 5g t.i.d., PO for 5 days).
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