MORPHOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATIONS OF ASHWAGANDHA (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) GENOTYPES
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Date
2016
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MPUAT, Udaipur
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out with 25 genotypes of Ashwagandha Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal to characterize them through morphological characters, biochemical and molecular markers (RAPD and ISSR) assessment of genetic diversity. Analysis of variance revealed significant genetic variability among the genotype for all the 7 characters. Hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis and Ward’s cluster analysis based on 7 morphological characters grouped all the 25 genotypes into two divergent clusters under the environment investigated.
Primary metabolites are analysed from roots which includes total starch content and crude fibre content. TLC analysis of phytochemicals from leaves, shoots and roots resulted in grouping of genotypes into 2 clusters. The total alkaloid content in roots ranged from 0.08% to 0.96%. HPLC analysis reveals the best genotype among roots having high withanolide A content which is UWS 59. The major withanoloide in leaves and shoots was withaferin ‘A’ while in roots it was withanolide ‘A’.
In RAPD analysis 15 primers produced 152 bands, out of which 143 were polymorphic. Average polymorphism recorded was 92.21 and overall size of amplified fragment ranged between 100 bp to 3000 bp. Average PIC value was 0.30. In ISSR analysis 15 primers were used which amplified 122 fragments out of which 106 were polymorphic. Average polymorphism recorded was 81.91 % and overall size of amplified fragments ranged between 100 bp to 6000 bp. Average PIC value was 0.26. From RAPD and ISSR profiling similarity matrix was obtained. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient values lies from 0.29 to 0.85 (for RAPD) and 0.21 to 0.82 (for ISSR) respectively. On this basis a dendrogram was constructed with UPGMA method. Based on RAPD data, dendrogram divided most of the genotypes in two main clusters and UWS 10 and UWS 77 were lying far apart and showed maximum
genetic distance. Based on ISSR data, dendrogram divided all the genotypes in two main clusters and UWS 13, RVA 100 and UWS 60 were lying far apart. Whereas in combined RAPD and ISSR data, dendrogram revealed two major clusters and genotypes UWS 10 and RVA 100 lay far apart. In general, an association was found between the dendrograms and principle component analysis obtained by RAPD and ISSR analysis. Critical analysis of genetic variation among the genotypes revealed that molecular markers can be effectively used in overcoming the environmental factors as evident from the values so obtained in terms of variability.
Based on mean per se performance, genotypes UWS 98, UWS 37, UWS 13, UWS 32, UWS 59, UWS 134 and AWS2B have been identified as superior for the most important yield and quality characters. The genotypes UWS 10, RVA 100 followed by UWS 22 and UWS 60 were spotted as genetically diverse in each case based over morphological, biochemical and molecular markers analysis. Therefore, these genotypes have been identified for their gainfull utilization in breeding programmers.
Description
MORPHOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATIONS OF ASHWAGANDHA (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) GENOTYPES
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Citation
Chauhan and Joshi, 2016