COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS FOR GRAIN YIELD IN GREEN GRAM [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek ]
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Date
2016
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MPUAT, Udaipur
Abstract
The present investigation entitled, “Combining ability analysis for grain yield in Green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]” was undertaken by crossing eight diverse genotypes namely viz. IPM 99-125, BM-4, ML-131, IPM 02-03, PDM-139, RMG-1035, RMG-344 and RMG-1045 in diallel fashion (excluding reciprocals). Molecular analysis of these parental genotypes was also carried out using RAPD and ISSR markers. The experimental material comprising 8 parents along with 28 F1s was evaluated during kharif season, 2014 in randomized block design with three replications at Instructional Farm of Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, India.
The analysis of variance for experimental design was performed for sixteen characters. It revealed significant differences for all the characters indicating presence of adequate amount of variation among the genotypes. Further partitioning of mean squares due to parents were significant for all the characters except clusters per plant and pod length, while F1s were significant for all the characters, revealed that adequate amount of variation was present for parents and F1s . However, mean squares due to Parent v/s hybrid component were significant for plant height, pods per cluster, pods per plant, 100-seed weight, seed protein content and seed methionine content, which depicted presence of heterosis for these characters. The valus presented in appendices v indicate that the variation was very limited for primary branches, secondary branches, pods/ clusterseeds per pod and 100 seed weight. This is the reason that the ss due to hybrids vs parents was found to be non significant.
Mean performance of parents and their hybrids reveled that parent BM-4 followed by IPM 99-125 appeared to be the best parent for seed yield and most of the yield contributing charactes while IPM 02-03 was superior for seed protein content, Similarly, cross BM-4 x PDM-139 exhibited high mean performance for seed yield per plant and RMG-10435 x RMG-1045 for seed protein content.
Crosses viz. BM-4 x PDM-139 and RMG-1035 x RMG-1045 exhibited heterosis for grain yield and its components. For seed protein content and seed methionine content maximum significant positive heterosis as well as heterobeltiosis was recorded in cross RMG-1035 x RMG-1045 and BM-4 x PDM-139, respectively.
* Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur.
** Dean, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, (Raj.), India.
Combining ability analysis was performed by employing method 2, Model I of Griffing (1956), it revealed that the mean squares due to GCA were significant for all the sixteen attributes. Higher magnitude of GCA effects than SCA effects were observed for twelve characters indicating predominance of additive gene effects. Higher magnitude of SCA effects than GCA effects were observed for characters pods per plant, pod length, seed protein content and seed methionine content indicating preponderance of non-additive gene action for these characters.
While critically analyzing the over all performance of eight parents studied, BM-4 appeared to be the most promising followed by PDM-139 for seed yield and its components, whereas RMG-1035 depicted its superiority for seed protein content and ML-131 showed promising for for seed methionine content. This might be due to the accumulation of favourable genes in these elite lines. Therefore these genotypes could be utilized in breeding programmes.
Crosses BM-4 x PDM-139 and RMG-1035 x RMG-1045 exhibited heterosis and high significant SCA effects for seed yield, out of these RMG-1035 x RMG-1045 depicted high heterosis and significant SCA effects for seed protein while BM-4 x PDM-139 showed superior for high heterosis and significant SCA effects for methionine content.
Twenty five RAPD and ISSR markers were used for the present investigation. 17 RAPD and 18 ISSR primers were amplified and produce total 391 and 563 amplified fragments, respectively. Out of 104 scorable RAPD bands, 91 were polymorphic that showed 88 per cent polymorphism and out of 109 scorable ISSR bands, 88 bands were polymorphic and showed 81 per cent polymorphism. OPP-10 and ISSR-01 proved to be best RAPD and ISSR primer, respectively. The RAPD and ISSR data were evaluated to obtain a combined similarity matrix. The similarity coefficient values lay between 0.46-0.68. The cluster tree analysis showed that the eight genotypes could be divided into 4 clusters.
Therefore, the cross BM-4 x PDM-139 turned out to be the most promising on the basis of its high per se performance, GCA effects, heterosis with significant SCA effects for seed yield and its components. Further molecular analysis through combined RAPD and ISSR markers revealed its parental genetic diversity having 53 per cent dissimilarity. The parent BM-4 was grouped in cluster IV while PDM-139 in cluster II A, thereby confirming that there was concurrence between the results obtained by molecular (RAPD and ISSR) and morphological markers along with their origen and known pedigree. Therefore this cross can be gainfully utilized.
On the basis of present investigations suggestions regarding breeding methodology for improvement in seed yield, seed protein and seed methionine content of green gram have been given.
Description
COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS FOR GRAIN YIELD IN GREEN GRAM [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek ]
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Citation
Nath and Maloo, m2016