Effect of FYM, Biofertilizers and Zinc on Nutrient Transformations, Soil Properties and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) and their Residual Effect on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on Typic Haplustept

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Date
2011
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MPUAT, Udaipur
Abstract
A field experiment entitled “Effect of FYM, Biofertilizers and Zinc on Nutrient Transformations, Soil Properties and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) and their Residual Effect on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on Typic Haplustept” was conducted at Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur during two consecutive years of 2006-07 and 2007-08. The soil of the experimental field was sandy clay loam in texture with medium fertility (233.4, 234.6; 13.64, 13.92 and 336.2, 339.8 kg ha-1 available N, P and K, respectively), low in available zinc (0.52 and 0.55 mg kg-1) and alkaline in reaction with pH 8.22 and 8.17, respectively during 2006-07 and 2007-08. The experiment consisted of 32 treatment combinations comprising of two levels of farmyard manure (0 and 10 t ha-1), four levels of biofertilizers (No inoculation, Azotobacter, VAM and Azotobacter + VAM) and four levels of zinc (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 kg Zn ha-1). Experiment was conducted under split plot design having FYM and biofertilizers in main plots and zinc in sub plots with three replications and maize as a test crop in Kharif season. The residual effects of treatments were evaluated with wheat crop in sequence. Treatments were evaluated in terms of microbial biomass and enzyme activity in soil at 30 DAS of maize, dynamics of available nutrients, grain, stover/straw and biological yields and uptake of nutrients (macro and micro) by maize and succeeding wheat crop. Post harvest soil properties were also determined after each crop to assess the change in physico-chemical properties and fertility status due to cropping and treatments under investigation. Application of FYM and biofertilizers significantly increased soil microbial biomass-C, N, P, dehydrogenase activity, acid and alkaline phosphatase activity and Azotobacter population in soil at 30 DAS of maize, while zinc application did not influence these properties. Application of FYM and biofertilizers failed to improve available N, P and K and micro nutrient content (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) of soil at earlier stage of maize crop growth, while at later stages of maize crop growth application of FYM and biofertilizers significantly improved available N, P and K content and micro nutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) of soil. Residual effect of FYM significantly improve available macro and micro nutrient content of soil after harvest of succeeding wheat, while residual effect of biofertilizers failed to improved macro and micro nutrients content of soil after harvest of succeeding wheat. Application of Zn levels significantly increased Zn content of soil, while decreased P and Fe content of soil at different stages of maize crop growth and after harvesting of maize and succeeding wheat crop. Incorporation of FYM alone significantly increased all the fraction of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil at 30 DAS of maize. Inoculation of biofertilizers significantly increased fraction of nitrogen and significantly decreased fraction of phosphorus, while failed to influence the fraction of potassium at 30 DAS of maize. Application of zinc levels failed to influence on all the fraction of N, P and K in soil at 30 DAS of maize. The results of the study showed that application of FYM @ 10 t ha-1 or application of 5.0 kg Zn ha-1 increased significantly the seed, stover and biological yield of maize as well as of succeeding wheat grown in sequence. Biofertilizers viz., Azotobacter, VAM and Azotobacter + VAM (dual inoculation) inoculation to maize significantly increased the grain, stover and biological yields of maize and yields of succeeding wheat grown in sequence. Application of FYM, biofertilizers and zinc significantly enhanced protein content in grain of maize. Application of FYM and biofertilizers significantly increased content of macro (N, P and K) and micro (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) nutrients in maize and succeeding wheat, while application of zinc significantly increased zinc content but decreased iron content in maize and succeeding wheat. Application of FYM, biofertilizers and zinc significantly increased total uptake of macro (N, P and K) nutrients and micro (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) nutrients by maize and succeeding wheat. Combined use of FYM and biofertilizers significantly increased the uptake of N, P and K by maize and combined use of FYM and Zn also significantly increased the N, P and K uptake by maize. Combined use of FYM and biofertilizers significantly increased the uptake of Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn by maize and combined use of FYM and Zn also significantly increased the uptake of Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn by maize. Application of FYM significantly decreased bulk density and pH, while significantly increased porosity, hydraulic conductivity, water stable aggregates, EC, CEC, organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of soil after the harvest of maize and succeeding wheat crop.
Description
Effect of FYM, Biofertilizers and Zinc on Nutrient Transformations, Soil Properties and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) and their Residual Effect on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on Typic Haplustept
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Citation
Faujdar and sharma, 2011
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