Genetic Analysis for Yield and Yield Components in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
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Date
2011
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MPUAT, Udaipur
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Genetic analysis for yield and yield components in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)” was conducted at the instructional farm of CTAE and Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur during Summer and Kharif 2004 respectively. The experiment materials comprised 53 genotype including 12 lines, 3 testers and their 36 crosses along with two checks. These were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications.
Observation were recorded on fourteen characters viz., days to 50 percent flowering, height of main axis, primary branches per plant, haulm yield per plant, barren pods per plant, total number of pods per plant, mature pods per plant, pod yield per plant, kernel yield per plant, harvest index, shelling percent, 100-kernel weight, oil content and protein content. The data so obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, estimation of heterosis, heterobeltiosis, economic heterosis, combining ability according to line x tester analysis, correlation, and path coefficients in parents and crosses.
Analysis of variance indicated significant difference among parents and crosses for all characters in both environments, except primary braches per plant in E2. Error variance was homogeneous for haulm yield per plant, height of main axis, barren pods per plant total number of pod per plant, mature pods per plant and harvest index. Pooled analysis of variance revealed significant difference between genotypes, checks, parents and crosses for all these characters but these sources were not interacting with environment, except height of main axis, and barren pods per plant.
Mean values for all the characters were higher in E2 (Kharif) except, harvest index, 100-kernel weight and protein content. The check-2 (TAG-24) was superior for all the characters in both the environments except, days to 50 percent flowering (E1 & E2), height of main axis (E1 & E2) and shelling percent (E1), where check-1(JL-24) was superior. Among the parents T3, T2, L3 and L1 having high mean for pod yield per plant in both the environments. These parents also had higher per se for most of the characters in one or both the environments. Among the crosses, L2xT3 (E1) and L11xT1 (E2) were highest pod yield per plant in respective environments.
Frequency of heterosis was almost equal in both the environments however, economic heterosis was higher in E1 as compare to E2. The cross L11xT1 having highest magnitude of heterosis and heterobeltiosis for pod yield per plant i.e. 27.94 and 25.41 percent and for kernel yield per plant i.e. 30.83 and 30.62 percent, respectively. Seven crosses exhibited economic heterosis for one or other characters viz., L10xT2 (4), L11xT2 (2), L1xT1 (2), L1xT2 (2), L8xT2 (1), L7xT3 (1) and L4xT2 (1).
Mean square of combining ability revealed that variance due to crosses was significant for all the characters in the both environments except, primary branches per plant in E2. Tester T3 (GG-7) was best general combiner for maximum number of characters and it was followed by T2 (GG-2) and T1 (ICGS-37) and lines, L1, L2, L3 and L11 were good general combiner for pod yield per plant and maximum number of characters in both the environments. Crosses L11xT1, L10xT2, L2xT3, L5xT3, L7xT3 and L8xT3 were good specific combiner for pod yield per plant in both the environments. Crosses L10xT2, L5xT3 and L7xT3 was also good specific combiner for total number of pods per plant, mature pods per plant, pod yield per plant and kernel yield per plant, and cross L3xT3 for oil content and protein content in both the environments. Crosses having economic heterosis along with good SCA effects and good GCA of both parents were in L11xT2 for kernel yield per plant (E1), L10xT2 for shelling percent (E1) and total number of pods per plant (Pool), L4xT2 for protein content (E1).Transgressive segregants expected in L1xT2 for oil content in E2 and 100-kernel weight in E1 where economic heterosis, non-significant SCA and both the parents having good GCA effects.
Genotypic correlations were higher than their corresponding phenotypic correlations for all the significant characters in parents and crosses. Pod yield per plant was positively correlated with total number of pods per plant, mature pods per plant, kernel yield per plant, harvest index and 100-kernel weight in both the environments at genotypic and phenotypic level in parents and similar hybrids in both the environments except, 100-kernel weight. Path coefficient analysis for pod yield per plant indicated that maximum direct effect was observed for total number of pods per plant and mature pods per plant in both parents and hybrids in both the environments.
In the present investigation higher magnitude of line x tester sum of square, indicate importance of non-additive gene effects in the expression of most of the characters. However, in seven crosses the economic heterosis was significant and involved at least one good general combiner were recommended for obtaining the transgressive segregants due to dispersed dominance is expected in their parents.
Description
Genetic Analysis for Yield and Yield Components in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
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Citation
Verma and Ranwah, 2011