COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS IN BREAD WHEAT [Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell]
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Date
2010
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MPUAT, Udaipur
Abstract
The present investigation entitled, “Combining ability analysis in bread wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell]” was undertaken by crossing ten diverse genotypes namely viz. Raj 1482, PBW 502, PBW 343, PBW 373, DBW 16, DBW 17, HD 2687, UP 2338, Raj 4083 and Raj 4037 in diallel fashion (excluding reciprocals). Genetic diversity analysis of these parental genotypes was also carried out using RAPD marker. The experimental material comprising 10 parents along with 45 F1s and 45 F2s was evaluated during winter season, 2008-09 in randomized block design with two replications at Instructional Farm of Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, India.
The analysis of variance for experimental design was performed for thirteen yield traits and grain protein content. Significant differences for all the characters indicated presence of adequate genetic variation among the genotypes. Further partitioning of mean squares due to F1s and F2s were significant for all the characters, except 1000-grain weight and harvest index in both generations. Mean squares due to parent v/s hybrid component were also significant for all the characters which depicted presence of heterosis for all the characters.
Crosses viz. DBW 16 x UP 2338, DBW 17 x UP 2338, Raj 1482 x DBW 17, HD 2687 x UP 2338 and PBW 373 x HD 2687 exhibited high per se performance and heterosis for grain yield and its components and also displayed low magnitude of inbreeding depression. Similar performance was displayed by Raj 1482 x HD 2687, PBW 502 x PBW 343, Raj 1482 x DBW 16 and PBW 343 x Raj 4083 for grain protein content.
Combining ability analysis was performed by employing method 2, Model I of Griffing (1956) the revealed that the mean squares due to GCA and SCA were significant with preponderance of additive genetic effect for days to heading, plant height, effective tillers per plant, spike area, spikelets per spike, grains per spike, biomass per plant and grain yield per plant in both F1 and F2 generations.
While critically analyzing the over all performance of 10 parents studied, DBW 16 appeared to be the most promising followed by UP 2338 for grain yield and its components, whereas Raj 4037 depicted its superiority for grain protein content. This might be due to the accumulation of favourable genes in these elite lines.
Crosses DBW 16 x UP 2338 and DBW 17 x UP 2338 depicted high per se perfomance, heterosis and significant positive SCA effects in both the generations involving both the parents with high GCA effects for grain yield characters. While Raj 1482 x HD 2687 was superior for grain protein content only in F1.
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was carried out for ten parental genotypes to assess genetic diversity using 16 primers. It showed 95 scorable fragments. Out of which 76 bands were polymorphic (80.00%) and gave 4.75 polymorphic bands per primer. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient displayed range of 0.17 to 0.62, and on this basis a dendrogram was constructed with UPGMA method. Dendrogram differentiate 10 wheat genotypes in four main clusters.
Therefore, the cross DBW 16 x UP 2338 turned out to be the most promising on the basis of its high per se performance, GCA effects, heterosis with significant SCA effects in both F1 and F2 generations for grain yield and its components. Further molecular analysis through RAPD revealed its parental genetic diversity having 82 per cent dissimilarity. The parent UP 2338 was grouped in I cluster while DBW 16 in II cluster thereby confirming that there was concurrence between the results obtained by RAPD and morphological markers along with their known pedigree. Therefore this cross can be gainfully utilized.
On the basis of present investigations suggestions regarding breeding methodology for improvement in grain yield and grain protein content of bread wheat have been given.
Description
STUDIES ON THE COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSISIN BREAD WHEAT[Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell]
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Citation
Kumar and Maloo, 2010