Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular Variations in Black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper
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Date
2014
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MPUAT, Udaipur
Abstract
Twenty two genotypes of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) were characterized by studying morphological characters, biochemical and molecular markers RAPD, ISSR and SSR for assessment of genetic diversity. ANOVA revealed significant genetic variability among the 22 genotypes of V. mungo L. genotypes for all the 10 characters studied. Hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis and Ward’s cluster analysis based on 10 morphological characters grouped all the 22 genotypes into five divergent clusters and two culsters under all the environments investigated.
In isozyme analysis, a total of 14 putative isozyme alleles were generated by three enzyme systems viz.,EST, POX and SOD. Isozymes of esterase showed 100 % polymorphism with all alleles being polymorphic, while peroxidase produced one polymorphic allele and superoxide dismutase produced 2 polymorphic alleles. Jaccard’s Similarity Coefficient values lay between 0.76 to 1.00 and all the genotypes could be divided into two clusters. Genetic diversity and distance derived from isozyme analysis was found low due to the small number of polymorphic alleles.
In RAPD analysis 16 primers produced 133 bands, out of which 120 were polymorphic. Average polymorphism recorded was 90.23 and overall size of amplified fragment ranged between 200 bp to 2600 bp. Average PIC value was 0.30. In ISSR analysis 15 primers were used that yielded amplified 84 fragments out of which 72 were polymorphic. Average polymorphism recorded was 85.71 % and overall size of amplified fragments ranged between 250 bp to 2000 bp. Average PIC value was 0.28. Whereas, in SSR analysis, 11 primers were used from which a total of 17 alleles were amplified and 16 were found polymorphic. Average polymorphism recorded was 90.90 % and overall size of amplified fragments ranged between 120 bp to 210 bp. Average PIC value was 0.22. From RAPD, ISSR and SSR profiling similarity matrix was obtained. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient values lies from 0.42 to 0.84 (for RAPD), 0.42 to 0.85 (for ISSR) and 0.28 to 1.00 (for SSR) while 0.43 to 0.82 (for RAPD, ISSR and SSR combined analysis), respectively. On this basis a dendrogram was constructed with UPGMA method. Based on RAPD data, dendrogram divided most of the genotypes in three main clusters and genotypes IPU2K-21 and PLU-1 were out-grouped from all clusters. Based on ISSR data, dendrogram divided all the genotypes in four main clusters. Based on SSR data, dendrogram divided most of the genotypes in two main clusters and the genotypes IC-16511, PANT-U30 and UH-177 lay far apart. Whereas in combined RAPD, ISSR and SSR data, dendrogram revealed four major clusters and genotypes UH-177 and UTTARA were out-grouped from all other genotypes. In general, an association was found between the dendrograms and principle component analysis obtained by RAPD, ISSR and SSR analysis. Critical analysis of genetic variation among the genotypes revealed that molecular markers can be effectively used in overcoming the environmental factors as evident from the values so obtained in terms of variability.
Based on mean per se performance, genotypes viz., PLU-446, UTTARA, UH-177, SHEKHAR-2 and IPU99-176 showed superiority in yield attributes, hence could be further improved through pure line breeding. The genotype UH-177, STY-2834, U-17, IC-16511 and IPU2K-21 were spotted as genetically diverse in each case based over morphological, biochemical and molecular markers analysis. Therefore, these could be gainfully utilized in black gram improvement programmes.
Description
Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular Variations in Black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper
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Citation
Vyas and Arunabh