Epidemiology and management of anthracnose fruit rot in strawberry
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Date
2016
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
Among the strawberry diseases, anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) plays a significant role in causing yield losses. During the surveillance it was observed that the disease is prevalent in Barnala, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Patiala and Ropar districts with highest disease index in Gurdaspur (22.3 %) and lowest in Barnala (14.8 %). Chandler variety was found most susceptible. The disease produce brown to black necrotic lesions on leaves, green fruits and ripe fruits resulting blight and fruit rot. For pathogenicity test, pin prick method of inoculation was better than spray method. The pathogen was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on the basis of colony colour, shape and size of conidia and acervuli production. Acervuli are not produced in the culture but on plant tissues. Black and erect setae are produced in acervuli. A temperature of 25°C was found significantly effective in favouring the mycelial growth, sporulation, spore germination and development of disease symptoms on leaves (5 days), green fruits (6 days), mature fruits (3 days) and strawberry plants (5 days). The inoculum concentration of 10⁷spores/ml was found significantly better in producing disease symptoms on plant parts. A wetness duration of 24 hours significantly favoured the development of more disease symptoms. In vitro, propiconazole systemic fungicides and mancozeb non-systemic fungicide were significantly effective in inhibiting the growth of pathogen. ED50 value of propiconazole was ˂ 5 ppm and mancozeb was˂25 ppm. Three sprays of propiconazole and mancozeb were found significantly better in controlling fruit rot of strawberry.
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