Bio-ecology and Management of Sitophilus oryzae (Linn.) in Stored Maize

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Date
2010
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MPUAT, Udaipur
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Bio-ecology and management of Sitophilus oryzae (Linn.) in stored maize” was conducted under laboratory conditions in the Department of Entomology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur during 2007 to 2008. The combination of 30°C temperature and 75 per cent relative humidity was preferred by S. oryzae where longest ovipositional period (48.80 days), maximum fecundity (170.70 eggs/female), minimum duration of larval and pupal period (23.70 days) and shortest developmental period from egg to adult (27.40 days) was recorded but adult longevity of male and female adult was recorded to 51.60 and 55.60 days, respectively. The minimum incubation period (3.00 days) was recorded at 32°C temperature and 80 per cent relative humidity, while longest longevity of adult male (97.20 days) and female (99.80 days) was recorded at 26°C temperature and 70 per cent relative humidity. The interaction of temperature and relative humidity at 26°C and 65 per cent retarded the growth and development of S. oryzae by giving minimum ovipositional period (25.00 days), longest incubation period (7.00 days), maximum larval and pupal period (38.60 days) and longest developmental period from egg to adult (45.60 days) whereas, minimum fecundity (90.30 eggs/female) and maximum longevity of adult male (29.20 days) and female (33.40 days) was observed at 32°C temperature and 65 per cent relative humidity. Out of seven varieties evaluated Pratap Early Makka-3 and Pratap Makka-5 were found least susceptible while Mahi Kanchan, Mahi Dhawal and Navjot were moderately susceptible and PEHM-2 and PEHM-1 were the most susceptible. Minimum preference for oviposition (55.61 per cent oviposited grains), minimum adult emergence (225 adults), longest duration of life cycle (41.00 days), lowest grain damage (34.88 per cent) and lowest weight loss (13.61 per cent) was recorded in Pratap Early Makka-3, while maximum preference for oviposition (88.01 per cent oviposited grains), maximum adult emergence (450 adults), shortest duration of life cycle (30.00 days), maximum grain damage (66.51 per cent) and maximum weight loss (35.33 per cent) was recorded in PEHM-1. Metal bin was found most safe structure for storage where no grain damage and weight loss was recorded after 2 months of storage while only 1.96 per cent grain damage and 0.51 per cent weight loss was found after 12 months of storage. Maximum grain damage (48.08 per cent) and maximum weight loss (18.17 per cent) was observed in cotton bag after 12 months of storage. The germination of grains stored under different storage structures after six months of storage varied 92.00 to 96.00 per cent and were at par, while after 12 months of storage, significant minimum germination (86.33 per cent) was recorded of grains stored in plastic jar. Rest of the tested storage structures were found at par. Freshly treated maize grains with black pepper powder 5 per cent caused highest adult mortality (63.33 per cent), minimum grain damage, weight loss and adult emergence viz., 10.10 per cent, 5.00 per cent and 60.00 adults, respectively. Onion bulb powder 1 per cent was found least effective by giving minimum adult mortality (11.67 per cent), maximum grain damage (28.54 per cent), weight loss (13.27 per cent) and adult emergence (315.00 adults). Freshly treated maize grains with mustard oil 1.2 per cent caused highest adult mortality (75.00 per cent), minimum grain damage, weight loss and adult emergence viz., 4.53 per cent, 1.50 per cent and 48.33 adults, respectively. Groundnut oil at 0.4 per cent was found least effective by giving maximum grain damage (16.47 per cent), maximum weight loss (7.80 per cent) and maximum adult emergence (325.00 adults). No adverse effect of plant products and vegetable oils was found on the germination of maize grains any dose level up to 120 days of treatment and all treatment, including control were at par.
Description
Bio-ecology and Management of Sitophilus oryzae (Linn.) in Stored Maize
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Citation
Meghawal and Bajpai, 2010
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