Present Scenario of Insect- Pests on Cauliflower and Management of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) Under Organic and Modern Farming
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Date
2006
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MPUAT, Udaipur
Abstract
Investigations on “Present Scenario of Insect- Pests on Cauliflower and Management of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) Under Organic and Modern Farming” was carried out at Horticulture farm “Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur” during 2003-04 and 2004-05.
The observations recorded on the pest incidence revealed that the cauliflower crop was infested by Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister), Athalia lugens proxima (Klug.), Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), Plutella xylostella (Linn.), and Attractomorpha spp. under nursery conditions and by tobacco caterpillar (S.litura), diamond back moth (P.xylostella), two species of aphids [Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.), Brevicornye brassicae (Linn.)], flea beetle (P. cruciferae), and mustard saw fly (A. lugens) under field conditions. Spodoptera litura started attacking the crop initially during mid September and its population touched the peak in second week of October during 2003-04, and in 2004-05 it touched the peak twice 1st in first week of October and 2nd in the first week of November. The natural mortality of S. litura was noticed in larval stages, it was mainly due to disease infection (virosis and bacteriosis) and a parasite Apanteles ruficrus (Haliday).
The effect of different host plants viz., cauliflower, cabbage, mustard, broccoli, brinjal, tomato, cotton, soybean and castor on growth and development of S. litura was studied. On the basis of larval, pupal and adult developmental parameters, cauliflower adjudged to be the most suitable host. On the basis of food utilization indices by the fifth instar larvae of S. litura, cauliflower was confirmed as the most preferred host with maximum values for CI, ECI, AD, ECD and GR. The order of host preference was: cauliflower > castor > broccoli > mustard > tomato > cabbage > soybean > cotton > brinjal.
*Research Scholar, Deptt. of Agril. Zoology & Entomology, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur
** Assoc. Prof. & Head, Deptt. of Agril. Zoology & Entomology, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur
The LC50 values for different insecticides, bio-pesticides and bio-products were calculated against fourth instar larvae of S. litura indicated the order toxicity as: lambda cyhalothrin > cartap hydrochloride > B.t.k. > SlNPV > methomyl > endosulfan > diflubenzuron > azadirachitin > NSKE > cow urine + neem leaf extract > fermented whey + neem leaf and dhatura leaf extract > fermented whey + neem leaf extract > garlic and chilli extract.
The comparative efficacy of different IPM modules under modern and organic farming were tested against the larvae of S. litura on cauliflower under field conditions. Under modern farming module M9 and under organic farming module M3 were registered as the most effective with maximum percentage reduction in larval population, during both the experimentation years (2003-04 and 2004-05). Under modern farming the highest yield (mean 181.30 q/ha) was obtained from module M9 with maximum increase in yield (mean 68.55 q/ha) over control; whereas under organic farming the maximum yield (mean 170.50 q/ha) was obtained from module M3. Under modern farming maximum profit was recorded from module M9 which gave a cost benefit ratio of 1:11.339 and 1:11.751 in two years, respectively with pooled mean of 1:11.54. Under organic farming maximum profit was recorded from module M3 which gave a cost benefit ratio of 1:5.37 and 1:5.348 with a mean of 1:5.35.
Description
Present Scenario of Insect- Pests on Cauliflower and Management of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) Under Organic and Modern Farming
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Citation
Lekha and kumar, 2006