Effect of Herbicides and Phosphorus Sources on Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their Residual Effect on Summer Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)
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Date
2008
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MPUAT, Udaipur
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07 at Instructional Farm (Agronomy), Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur. The experiment consisted of eight herbicide (weedy check, 2,4-D at 500 g ha-1, triasulfuron at 15 g ha-1, carfentrazone at 20 g ha-1, isoproturon at 750 g ha-1, 2,4-D + isoproturon at 500 + 750 g ha-1, triasulfuron + isoproturon at 15 + 750 g ha-1, carfentrazone + isoproturon at 20 + 750 g ha-1) and three phosphorus sources (DAP, SSP and PROM) making twenty four treatment combinations. These treatments were evaluated in randomized block design with four replications. Wheat variety Raj 4037 was used as test crop. Rabi wheat was followed by summer fodder maize (cv. African Tall) to find the carry over effect of the treatments applied in previous crop.
The results showed that broadleaf weeds dominated the wheat field accounting (74.6 %) weed density in weedy check plots at harvest. Phalaris minor was the only grassy weed. All the herbicides caused significant reduction in density, dry matter and nutrient depletion of broadleaf weeds and total weeds at all the stages. Density and dry matter of grassy weed was reduced significantly due to the application of isoproturon and its tank mixture with 2,4-D, triasulfuron and carfentrazone. Maximum reduction of weed density and weed dry matter of total weeds was recorded in the plots treated with tank mixture of carfentrazone + isoproturon followed by 2,4-D + isoproturon and triasulfuron + isoproturon. The highest weed control efficiency of 96.6 per cent at harvest was recorded with carfentrazone + isoproturon closely followed by 2,4-D + isoproturon (94.3 per cent).
Herbicidal treatments significantly increased height of wheat plants at 75 DAS and harvest. The dry matter accumulation by crop at all the stages was significantly higher with carfentrazone + isoproturon over rest of the treatments. None of the herbicide and herbicide mixture was found phytotoxic to wheat crop.
The maximum values of ear bearing tillers, ear length, number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight were observed with carfentrazone + isoproturon followed by 2,4-D + isoproturon and triasulfuron + isoproturon. Consequently, tank mixture of carfentrazone + isoproturon produced significantly higher grain (58.16 q ha-1), straw (89.04 q ha-1) and biological (147.20 q ha-1) yields compared to other treatments.
All the herbicides significantly increased N, P and K content and uptake by wheat grain as well as straw over weedy check. Maximum N, P and K uptake by crop were recorded with tank mix application of carfentrazone + isoproturon which was significantly superior over all other treatments. Per cent protein content in grain increased significantly with all the herbicidal treatments over weedy check.
Application of DAP, SSP and PROM had no significant effect on weed density, weed dry matter and N, P and K uptake by weeds. SSP recorded significantly higher plant height 75 DAS and at harvest, higher crop dry matter accumulation at all the growth stages over PROM and DAP. It also registered significantly higher ear bearing tillers, ear length, number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight over PROM and DAP. Application of SSP registered 12.1 & 7.9; 6.9 & 1.75 and 8.9 & 4.1 per cent grain, straw and biological yields over DAP and PROM, respectively. It also tended to increase 17.6 & 9.4 and 31.6 & 20 per cent N and P uptake over DAP and PROM, respectively.
Amongst herbicidal treatments highest net return of Rs. 65,237 ha-1 was obtained through application of carfentrazone + isoproturon that correspondingly showed higher B : C of 5.98. Amongst P sources, SSP registered maximum net returns (Rs. 54,365 ha-1) and B : C of 5.13 which was significantly higher over PROM and DAP.
The herbicides and phosphorus sources applied in wheat crop did not affect the weed density, weed dry matter 30 DAS, dry matter accumulation per plant and green fodder yield of succeeding summer fodder maize.
Description
Effect of Herbicides and Phosphorus Sources on Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their Residual Effect on Summer Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)
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Citation
Chhipa and Nepalia