AGRO- PROCESSING OF PATCHOULI (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) FOR EFFICIENT ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTION
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Date
2008-10-25
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University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore
Abstract
Agro-processing of patchouli,(cv.j0}X0re} an important aromatic herb Valued for its essential oil, was attempted. The drying characteristics of herbage were studied under various methods namely, in shade, in tray dryer and in ASTRA Crop Waste gaseci Dryer. The initial drying bed thickness was uniformly maintained at 100mm in all methods and the Herbage was dried from 80%(wb) initial moisture to 11-12% final moisture. Under Bangalore climatic conditions (21.0-24.4°C;40-81%RH), patchouli required 54h of drying time in shade while in ASTRA dryer, it was just 14h. In convectional tray dryer (electrical),the drying time at 30,40,50,60 and 70°C was 13,12,11,7 and 6h, respectively.
Clevenger’s Essential Oil Distillation Unit was used to estimate the Essential oil yield from dried patchouli and the oil quality was analyzed Using Gas Chromatograph. The mean essential oil yield swere2.41,2.24 And 2.25-2.40% respectively in samples dried in shade, ASTRA dryer and Tray dryer. There was ac onsiderable variation in the quality of extracted Patchouli essential oil in terms patchouli alcohol, a-guaiene, ct-bulnesene And (3-patchoulene contents, from herbage dried under different methods. Patchouli alcohol content was 64.65,42.27and 57.15-66.26% in the distilled oils from herbage dried in shade, ASTRA dryer and tray dryer, respectively. The a-guaieneand a-bulnesene contents were higher in essential oils distilled from herbage dried in ASTRA dryer, patchoulene content was higher in the oil distilled from herbage dried at 70°Cintraydiyer.
Essential oil yield and its quality by steam distillation technique Were studied in a Pilot Scale Steam Distillation Unit at different packing Bed densities and distillation periods using shade dried patchouli herbage. For different packing densities, the patchouli essential oil yields were: at 4kg/0.5m3 - 2.78, 3.06, 3.26 and 3.42%; at 5kg/0.5m3 - 2.46, 2.74, 2.95 and 3.10%; and at 6kg/0.5m3 - 2.25, 2.54, 2.79 and 2.97% Respectively for 3, 4, 5 and 6h distillation. From steam distilled essential oils, patchouli alcohol was 34.74, 34.92 and 27.78%; a-bulnesene content was 20.04, 19.75 and19.38%; a-guaiene content was 12.75, 12.71 and 19.38%; and p-patchoulene content was 0.0187, 0.0165 and 0.000% respectively at bed densities 4, 5 and 6kg/0.5m3.
Cost economic analysis of patchouli essential oil distillation using Pilot Scale Steam Distillation Unit indicated that the extraction is viable With Cost: Benefit Ratio of 1:1.26.
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