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ThesisItem Open Access Development of Wheatgrass and Carrot Blended Juice(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2023) Vivek Kumar; S.K. JainThe popularity of wheatgrass and carrot juices has been on the rise due to the increasing awareness of its potential health benefits. This study aims to investigate the nutritional composition and sensory evaluation of the wheatgrass and carrot blended juice. Six different juice combinations were prepared, including 100% wheatgrass juice (T0), a blend of 80% wheatgrass juice and 20% carrot juice (T1), blend of 60% wheatgrass juice and 40% carrot juice (T2), blend of 40% wheatgrass juice and 60% carrot juice (T3), blend of 20% wheatgrass juice and 80% carrot juice (T4), and 100% carrot juice (T5). In the sensory evaluation, each of the juice combinations (T0 to T5) was assessed for taste, flavor, and overall acceptability. The results revealed that the blend containing 40% wheatgrass juice and 60% carrot juice (T3) received the highest scores in all three sensory attributes, indicating its superior sensory profile compared to the other blends. Consequently, the 40% wheatgrass juice and 60% carrot juice (T3) blend was selected for further storage assessment at 4°C for a period of 60 days along with T0 and T5. During the first 30 days of storage, the 40% wheatgrass juice and 60% carrot juice (T3) blend demonstrated stability in its physicochemical properties, with low changes observed in pH and TSS (total soluble solids). These findings suggest that the overall quality of the blend remained well-maintained under refrigerated conditions during this initial period. However, beyond 30 days of storage, the 40% wheatgrass juice and 60% carrot juice (T3) blend exhibited microbial growth but still in the permissible rangeThesisItem Open Access Study of Farm Mechanization Status and Safety Awareness of Farm Operations in Pali District(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2023) Sanjay Khatri; S.S. MeenaWe first investigated the agrarian characteristics of the surveyed villages regarding the land holding pattern, level of mechanisation of farming practices, extent of government support services. All these factors are expected to exert significant impact on the development of the agricultural practices in farming. Farm mechanization was highest in Marwar Junction block in Pali district and the average yield of rabi and kharif crops on own and custom hiring mechanised farms were found highest in organised mechanised farms with custom hiring mechanization and the rental system among the farmers, resulting in higher net returns per hectare with tractors of average 30-35 hp. A total of 9 agricultural injuries were reported during the survey conducted in Pali district for year 2021-22. The agricultural injuries incidence rate was 0.3/1000 workers/year. Out of total 9 injuries 33.33 per cent were farm machinery related and 66.67 per cent were due to other sources like animal bites, slip and fall in the field. The highest number of victims was in the age group of 40–50 years were 5 followed by 30-40 years were 2, 25-30 years was 1 and 20-25 years was also 1. The demonstration and distribution of safety gears cause a bit of awareness among the village farmers to get their safety equipment and take care of their health and safety of their body while working in the field with any machineries. Safety bulletin and the masks had been distributed among the villagers and make them curious to buy safety gears and having an improved lifestyle. The suggestions for the usages of the safety gears like, farmers should consider their health safety as priority and purchase the farm protective gears for the same were given.ThesisItem Open Access Development of Process for Biscuits of Wheat and Pearl Millet Flours supplemented with Fenugreek Seeds Powder(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2023) Ravindra Singh Sikarwar; S. K. JainThe debittered and germinated fenugreek seed powder was prepared by tray drying at 60⁰C to attain final moisture content of 6.98 to 8.47 per cent (wb). Biscuit from blends of wheat, pearl millet and fenugreek seed powder respectively were taken and prepared by mixing them in different proportions viz., 50 % wheat flour + 50 % pearl millet (T), 45 % wheat flour + 45 % pearl millet + 10 % germinated fenugreek seed powder (GFSP1), 46 % wheat flour + 46 % pearl millet + 8 % germinated fenugreek seed powder (GFSP2), 47 % wheat flour + 47 % pearl millet + 6 % germinated fenugreek seed powder (GFSP3), 45 % wheat flour + 45 % pearl millet + 10 % debittered fenugreek powder (DFSP1), 46 % wheat flour + 46 % pearl millet + 8 % debittered fenugreek seed powder (DFSP2), 47 % wheat flour + 47 % pearl millet + 6 % debittered fenugreek seed powder (DFSP3). The biscuits were baked in oven at 180⁰C temperature for 16 minute. The diameter (55.48-51.18 mm), thickness (6.42-6.19 mm), spread ratio (8.64-8.29), weight (11.43-10.08), volume (15.52-12.69 cm3) and density (0.73-0.79 g/cm3) were observed for different blends of bscuits. The amount of carbohydrate (47.49- 39.17 %), iron (6.12-4.76 mg/ 100 g), calcium (62.41- 51.13 mg/ 100 g), protein (9.24-14.27 %), fiber (8.42- 12.38 %), ash (1.72- 3.58 %), fat (26.32-29.17) and moisture content (8.47- 6.98 %) (db) were found for different proportions of fenugreek seed powder. The color was indicated by L⃰ values (46.38-40.16), a* values (11.96-13.51), b* values (19.69-26.79). The values of work of shear and hardness reduced as observed by the cutting and bending test with the per cent of fenugreek seed powder in the biscuit samples increased from 6 to 10%. Biscuit having 6% fenugreek seed powder has more hardness followed by the biscuit samples having 8 and 10%.ThesisItem Open Access A Study On Perception, Consumption Pattern And Traditional Practices Of Millets Among Families Of Udaipur City(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2023) Purvi Jain; Renu MograMillets are small-seeded annual grasses grown as grain crops in 131 nations. They are a rich source of nutrients and are a staple diet for 59 crore people in Asia and Africa. They can lower the chance of cardiovascular problems, aid in weight reduction, and contain vitamins B and phosphorus. The present study analyzed the “A study on Perception, Consumption pattern and traditional practices of millets among families of Udaipur city” .Specific objective of study were To assess the consumption pattern of millets among families of Udaipur.,to explore the millets based products available in local market and to develop informational booklet on millets to create awareness.A structured questionare was developed for women . For data collection 120 respodents were selected . It was found that there is significant difference in frequency of consumption of millets with age (32.989) and education (73.937) which is significant at 0.05 level It infers that there is significant impact of age on frequency of consumption of millets and It was found that there is significant difference in frequency for choosing particular grain with age (50.210) and education (38.009 )which is significant at 0.05 level It infers that there is significant impact of education on reason for choosing particular grain The market survey was conducted to collect information about millets and millets by products available in the market. Different brands were available, such as Slurp, Sunfeast, Britania, Aashirvaad, Tata soulful, Health Sutra, Mtr, Timios, and True elements. All the millet based brands and products were given in a booklet, which contained relevant information about millets, types of millets, benefits of each millet, nutritional composition, and traditional food preparations based on millets. As millet year is going on consumers are getting aware about it and by knowing their benefits they are consuming it ,change is going on and in few coming years everyone is going to consume millets and there is also need for health promotion activities to promote consumption of millets on regular by the communityThesisItem Open Access Effect of Biodegradable Mulch on Productivity of Cauliflower Crop under Drip Irrigation(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2023) Khushi Saini; Manjeet SinghThe experiment was conducted to study the effect of biodegradable mulch on productivity of cauliflower crop under drip irrigation were planned and executed at Technology Park of CTAE Udaipur (Rajasthan) during November 2022 to February 2023. The study was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications in an open field with eight treatments, T1(no mulch), T2(corn starch 30μm), T3(corn starch 50μm), T4(tapioca starch 30μm) and T5(tapioca starch 50μm), T6(PM 30μm), T7(PM 50μm) and T8(PPM 75μm). Plant growth parameters such as plant height, curd diameter, and yield per hectare were measured at various stages of cauliflower growth. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the mulch materials, including tensile strength and elongation at break, were evaluated to assess their durability. In the presence of mulches altered soil temperature at 5, 10 and 15 cm depth. BPM (T4) and PM(T6) raised mean soil temperature by 1.3 °C to 4.2 °C and 1.1 to 4.1 °C. The fluctuation of soil temperature is highly maintained by BPM treatments as compared to NM at 5, 10 and 15 cm depth. Performance for durability of different mulches concluded with tensile strength and elongation test. Tensile strength loss during the 90 days of field exposure was 74 to 86% for BDM and 37 to 39% for PM treatments similarly, for PPM 32% of reductions respectively. The lowest reduction in elongation at break value was found in BDM(T3), where its value reduced by 38%. The lowest tensile strength and elongation shows the natural degradation rate of biodegradable mulch. Statistical analysis of observed parameters data showed maximum average plant height, average days of curd formation, average curd diameter, average fresh & dry weight of curd and average yield per ha higher in BPM, PM and PPM treatments as compared to NM treatments. The highest net income of Rs 360141.6 per ha and Rs 310161.6 per ha with BC ratio of 2.6 and 2.4 was observed in PM (T8 and T7) respectively. BDM treatments show the moderate yield per ha, but it has lowest net income as compared to the no mulch, PM, and PPM treatments due to its high cost of cultivationThesisItem Open Access Experimental and Numerical Study on Converted Hybrid Electric Scooter(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2023) Jay Upadhyay; B.L. SalviAs the number of vehicles on the road rises, so too does the problem of emissions generated by vehicles tailpipes. These vehicles are primarily powered by internal combustion engines (ICEs), which burn fossil fuels for power, releasing harmful gases that affect both environment and humankind. For the sake of our environment, now is the moment to transit from conventional vehicle to an electric vehicle that emits no exhaust emissions. Since scooters make up a large fraction of the vehicles on the road, changing them to electric scooter will contribute to the reduction of toxic gases released into the atmosphere. Electric scooters come in three varieties: electric scooter, hybrid electric scooter, and plug-in hybrid electric scooter. The hybrid electric scooter (HES) is the most promising among these varieties since the hybrid system can be installed on existing scooters, resulting in a low-cost conversion to an electric scooter, no waste, a longer range, and reduced emissions. The presented model in this thesis has been converted into hybrid electric scooter from conventional scooter. The converted hybrid electric scooter will be powered by a BLDC motor which drive the front wheel of the scooter, connecting with a battery placed at the boot of scooter. When electric scooter is driven for a long distance, its battery heats up and there is a risk of fire, so in this thesis a CAD model of battery cooling has been developed and its cooling has been numerically studied. The CAD model analysis results were validated with the testing results of HES and numerical calculation results were used as it shows the results inside the battery cell, using ANSYS Fluent simulation cells and battery pack surface was provide with air flow and cooling pattern observed. It was found that proper internal cooling of battery could reduce the overall battery temperature, which could reduce the chances of Electric Scooter catching fireThesisItem Open Access Assessment Of Occupational Health Issues In Chilli Processing And Suitable Interventions To Reduce Drudgery(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2023) Jagtap Avanti Sunilrao; S.S. MeenaThe objective of the present investigation was to survey the occupational health hazards of dust in the chilli processing industry, to evaluate different masks under breath synchronise condition, and to identify and assess dust protection gears for workers in the chilli processing industry. For this purpose, 20 (7 males and 13 females) workers were selected and a planned timeframe was followed for collecting data. Four masks were chosen for the measuring filtration efficiency. All 20 workers at chilli mill were subjected to one-hour suitability checks for respirable protectors and accessibility tests for chosen PPEs. Results revealed that the majority of the workers in the chili mill showed increased symptoms of skin itching, watery eyes, asthma, sputum. Average dust concentration was measured for different masks at PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10, and T.S.P. Agricultural dust mask 2 has highest level of effectiveness, indicating that it offers superior protection against dust particles compared to other masks evaluated. The research has revealed that Agricultural dust mask and surgical dust mask, as well as dust safety goggles, disposable plastic polythene hand gloves and industrial yellow rubber hand gloves, were regarded by the chilli mill workers to be best suited and acceptableThesisItem Open Access Design, Development And Performance Analysis Of Compact Filter For Bio-Syngas Cleaning(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2023) Dinesh Sharma; M. A. SalodaBio-syngas is combustible gas derived from the gasification of woody biomass. Bio-syngas has several impurities, like particulates and tar. To clean the bio-syngas, a bio-syngas filter was used. This work was aimed at the design, development, and performance analysis of a compact filter for bio-syngas cleaning. The study was carried out on the bio-syngas filter, which was designed in such a way that it should be compact. The performance analysis of the filter is measured in terms of the tar conversion at different catalyst compositions, filter conditions and temperature conditions. Both the main filter system and the prototype filter system were used for evaluation of the performance. The first testing was done on the prototype filter to get the optimum Nickel composition, and then the optimised result was tested in the main filter system. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were done for the performance analysis of the filter system. A ceramic-based filter was used for cleaning the bio-syngas from the particulate matter, and to reform the tars from the bio-syngas, nickel, cerium, and activated char catalysts were used. The performance of the filter was measured in terms of the HC content in the bio-syngas at different catalyst compositions. The catalyst compositions samples like activated char, 5Ni-3.5Ce, 10Ni-3.5Ce, 15Ni-3.5Ce, 20Ni-3.5Ce were used for analyses of performance of the bio-syngas filter. From among the catalyst samples, the sample 15Ni-3.5Ce which consist of 15wt.% Nickel has higher reforming of tar than the other catalyst compositions. Also, 15Ni-3.5Ce has highest calorific value, H2 and CO content. These results were found by the qualitative analysis (tar analysis) and by quantitative analysis like exhaust gas analysis, gas chromatograph and calorific value analysis.ThesisItem Open Access Development Of Solar Based Vapour Compression In-Situ Milk Cooling System(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2023) Ashok Kumar; S. K. JainIndia is the largest milk producer. Most of the milk is produced by animals reared by small and marginal farmers. In most of the remote villages where dairy farming is done, there are poor transportation facilities to transport milk to the processing plants. The milk obtained during the morning session is transported to the milk processing plant during the day, and similarly, the evening milk is taken to the milk plants in late evening. This results in high expenditure for the farmers as they have to transport the milk twice a day. The raw milk obtained from dairy farm spoils within 5 h, if appropriate, cooling is not done. In many villages with dairy farms do not have access to electricity or a very limited power supply. Thus, milk quality affected due to insufficient refrigerating facilities and irregular power supply. A solar based vapour compression in-situ milk cooling systems of 40 l storage capacity was developed. The system consisting of three solar panels, battery and an inverter. The performance of developed cooling system was evaluated for three capacities (10, 25 and 40 l) at agitator speed of 0, 18, 36 and 54 rpm to know the cooling time, energy consumption and COP. The quality of milk stored in the cooler was compared with milk stored in ambient condition. The cooling time of 10, 25 and 40 l milk at agitation speeds of 0, 18, 36 and 54 rpm were varied from 68-75 min, 96-102 min and 116-124 min, respectively. The total energy consumed per day for cooling of milk was ranged from 1.14 to 1.88 kWh. The COP of the system was varied from 3.65 to 4.60. The milk stored in the cooler was safe up to 48 h whereas, that stored under ambient conditions spoiled in 12 h. The developed solar based vapour compression in-situ milk cooling systems was also found economically viable
