STUDIES ON BIOCHEMICAL AND HORMONAL PROFILE OF NON-DESCRIPT ANOESTRUS COWS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
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Date
2016
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Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur (M.P.)
Abstract
The present study was carried out in 409 animals of 17 villages of Rewa district including peri-urban and rural areas. The information was collected on the basis of benchmark survey through a common questionnaire regarding farmer’s status, animal status, feeding practices adopted by farmers, productive and reproductive status of potential dairy pockets of Rewa district. The average daily milk yield of cows in peri-urban area (2.13±0.39 liters/day) as compared to rural area (1.83±0.47). Lactation length of cows in peri-rural area 215.23±19.73 days as compared to rural area i.e. 181.37±13.57. Lactation milk yield of cows in peri-urban area was 458.41±123 as compared to rural area i.e. 331.07±107. Peak yield of cows in peri- urban area was 2.67±0.49 liters/day as compared to rural cows i.e. 2.17±0.53 liters/day. Dry period of cows in peri-urban area was 197.35±21.37 days as compared to rural area i.e. 297.13±23.89 days. Age at first calving of cows in peri-urban area was 49.23±10.35 months as compared to rural area i.e. 51.39±12.35 months. Service per conception of cows belong to peri-urban area was 1.52±0.089 as compared to rural area i.e. 0.91±0.07. Service period of cows belong to peri-urban area was 148.98±5.8 as compared to rural area i.e. 98.462±4.5. Calving interval of cows in peri-urban area was 410.97±15.2 days as compared to rural area i.e. 408.05±19.3 days. The total incidence of reproductive disorders was 66.38% in which true anoestrous cows was 35.45% followed by 15.54% suboestrous animals, 8.31% repeat breeders, 3.91% retention of placenta (ROP) and 3.17% of prolapse cases. In present investigation 48 animals were divided into four groups (n=12) viz. T1 (Normal cyclic animals), T2 (Anoestrous control), T3 (True anoestrous) and T4 (Suboestrous). The anoestrous control animals comprises six true anoestrous and six suboestrous animals and T3 and T4 were supplemented with mineral mixture containing deficient minerals were evolved for 60 days.
The results of before and after supplement of various blood-biochemical and hormonal profile of true anoestrous cows in winter season (December 2015-January 2016) showed significant (p˂0.05) increase in body weight of animals (217±8.42) as compared to (210.33±9.15), BCS was non-significant high (2.25±0.13) as compared to (2.13.33±9.15), significant increase in total cholesterol (138.91±3.40) compared to (133±0.3.34), triglycerides was significantly high (11.0±0.96) compared to (9.13±0.87), total protein was non-significantly high (7.05±0.77) compared to (6.69±0.75), albumin was significantly low (0.85±0.27) compared to (1.08±0.30), globulin was significantly high (4.59±0.62) compared to (3.26±0.52). The A/G ratio was non-significantly low (1.07±0.30) as compared to (1.08±0.30), blood glucose was non-significantly low (67.83±2.38) as compared to (71.91±2.45). The results of WBC showed a non-significant increase (8.91±0.86) as compared to (8.50±0.84), lymphocytes per cent was significantly high (66.37±2.35) as compared to (50.19±2.05), monocytes per cent was significantly low (2.30±0.44) as compared to (4.25±0.60). Results revealed that RBC was non-significantly low (5.03±0.70) compared to (5.80±0.70), hemoglobin was non-significantly low (8.16±0.83) compared to (8.41±0.84). Serum Co, Se, Cu, Mn, Fe, Mg, and P concentration showed highly significant increase, whereas Ca showed a non-significant decrease. The hormonal concentrations of T3,T4, insulin and progesterone showed a highly significant increase whereas, cortisol concentrations showed highly significant decrease. Suboestrous animals also showed significant (p˂0.05) increase in body weight, total cholesterol, neutrophils (%), Cu and Mn, whereas there was highly significant (p˂0.01) increase in total protein, Mg, Ca, P, T3, T4, insulin and progesterone. A highly significant decrease in globulin, A/G ratio and cortisol concentration was observed. Non-significant differences in WBC, lymphocytes (%), monocytes (%), RBC and Hb concentration. The majority of parameters in control and normal cyclic animals showed non-significant differences.
The results of before and after mineral mixture supplementation of various biochemical and hormonal profile of true anoestrous cows in summer season (March-April 2016) showed significant increase in triglycerides, RBC and Hb, whereas highly significant differences were seen in total cholesterol, total protein, albumin, blood glucose, Co, Se, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ca, P, Mg, T3, T4, insulin and cortisol. A non-significant difference was observed in body weight, BCS, globulin, A/G ratio, WBC and Fe concentrations. Animals belong to suboestrous group showed significant increase in blood glucose and Hb, whereas highly significant differences were recorded in BW, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, RBC, Co, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ca, P, Mg, T3, T4, insulin and cortisol. A non-significant difference in BCS, total proteins, Globulin, A/G ratio and WBC were seen in the study. The majority of the parameters in control and normal cyclic animals showed non-significant differences. It can be concluded that supplementation of mineral mixture improves reproductive efficiency in non-descript cows.
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