GENETIC VARIABILITY AND COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES OF NEW PLANT TYPES IN SESAME {Sesanum indicum L. )

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Date
1992
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ANDHRA PRADESH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
Abstract
The investigations were undertaken to study the pattern of variability for yield and yield components with special emphasis on physiological attributes besides the genetic information on the nature of combining ability of some new plant types in sesame. Wider genetic variability was observed for height to first branch, number of secondaries, height to first capsule, capsules on main stem and number of abortive capsules. Higher variability and heritability coupled with higher genetic advance was observed for height to first branch, height to first capsule, capsules on main stem and number of secondaries indicating the effectiveness of selection for these characters. The genotypes DORS- 63 and DORS-111 were desirable for all the physiological attributes like LAI, LAD, CGR, RGR and NAR, while TC-25 for LAI and LAD. Moderate to high variability coupled with high heritability and genetic advance were observed for NAR. High heritability accompanied by moderate to high variability and genetic advance was observed for RGR. The hybrids DORS-106 x Gauri, DORS-165 xTapi, DORS-179 x Tapi, DORS-112 x Gauri and DORS-112 x Tapi in addition to maximum heterosis (>30%) for seed yield, also registered higher heterosis for atleast three major yield attributes each indicating the cumulative heterosis of individual yield components to the heterosis of seed yield revealing the possibility of heterosis breeding, whenever male sterile lines are made available or other methods for hybrid seed production on commercial scale at a cheaper cost. Based on the variance components, non-additive gene action was predominant for majority of the characters except for nodes to first flower which is governed by additive gene action. Improvement of these attributes is possible through cyclic hybridization methods (recurrent selection, diallel selection or biparental mating). Among the lines, DORS-165 recorded significant gca effects for seed yield and five other yield attributes followed by OORS-112. For earliness and dwarfness~ DORS-102 was the best general combiner. Among the testers, Tapi was considered to be good combiner for seed yield and other yield contributing characters like earliness, number of primaries and secondaries. Cross combinations viz., DORS-102 x Madhavi and DORS-112 x Tapi recorded highest sea effects for seed yield and seven other yield contributing characters followed by DORS-101 x Tapi, DORS-106 x Tapi and DORS-112 x Gauri. The hybrids DORS-102 x Madhavi, DORS-106 x Tapi,DORS-179 x Madhavi, DORS-179 x Tapi and DORS-112 x Gauri recorded highly significant sea effects and also heterosis for seed yield and hence offer scope for use in future breeding
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