"MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFEREI MALE STERILE LINES, MAINTAINERS RESTORERS AND THEIR HYBRIDS OF COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum, L.)"

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Date
2006-05-16
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MAHATMA PHULE KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, RAHURI 413 722, DIST. AHMEDNAGAR, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
Abstract
The present research work entitled, "Morphological and biochemical characterization of different male sterile lines, maintainer, restorers and their hybrids of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, L.)" was conducted at Cotton Improvement Project, MPKV, Rahuri during 2006-07. The experimental material consisted seeds of 4 sterile lines, 3 restorer lines and 4 hybrids were obtained from Cotton Breeder, AICCRP, MPKV, Rahuri. The observation were taken on different morphological characters as per DUS guidelines alongwith some biochemical characters of different genotypes. The morphological characters of different genotypes indicated that although some of the cytoplasmic male sterile lines (A) their maintainers (B) and restorers (R) lines have common morphological features in respect of one or few characters, they can be differentiated from each other on the basis of other characters. Among three CMS lines under study, the leaf shape of 3 A is semi-digitate whereas 1A and 7A has palmate type of leaf shape. Similarly, the leaf pubescence of 1A and 7 A is categorized as strong whereas it is under medium category in case of 3 A. The leaf colour of 1 A is light green whereas it is green in 3A and 7A. The leaf size of 1 A, 3A and 7A is medium, small and large, respectively. Among the four restorers, the 035 has unique red leaf, flower petal and boll colour. The other three restorers had green leaf colour and boll colour. The restorers 054 and 058 has cream flower petal colour where as 056 has yellow flower petal colour. The leaf pubescence of 035 and 054 is strong whereas of 056 and 058 is under medium category. The stigma position and boll opening in 035 and 058 is exerted and semi-open whereas, in 054 and 056 it is embedded and open, respectively. The plant height in 035 and 056 is under tall category whereas in 054 and 058 it is under short category. The Fi hybrids viz., (1 A x 035), (3 A x 035) and (7A x 035) had very distinct red leaf colour and boll colour. The anther colour is purple. The petal colour of Fi hybrid 3 A x 35 is yellow whereas it is red of other two Fi hybrids. Similarly the petal spot is present in 1 A x 035 whereas it is absent in remaining two Fj hybrids. Among the Fi hybrids viz., (1A x 054), (3A x 054) and (7A x 054), the 1 A x 054 is distinctly different from the other two Fj hybrids in petal colour, anther colour and boll shape. It has yellow petal colour, cream anther colour and elliptical boll shape whereas the other two hybrids categorized as cream, white and ovate for respective characteristics. Similarly the (3A x 054) Fi hybrids is distinct in characteristics viz., stigma position and boll surface. It has categorized as embedded for stigma position and pitted for boll surface. Whereas remaining two hybrids are categorized as exerted and smooth for respective characteristics. Among Fi hybrids viz., (1A x 056), (3A x 056) and (7A x 056), the later is distinct in leaf lab number and categorized as 5 whereas earlier two Fi are categorized as 3. The (1 A x 056) is also distinct in stigma position and catagorised as exerted whereas remaining two are categorized as embedded. Among the Fi hybrids viz., 1 A x 058, 3 A x 058 and 7A x 058 the Fi hybrid 1A x 058 is distinct from other hybrids in stem hairiness, leaf colour, leaf pubescence and anther colour. It is catagorised as strong, light green, strong, cream, respectively for above morphological characteristics. Whereas, the other two hybrids had medium stem hairiness, green leaf colour, strong leaf pubescence and yellow anther colour. Based on biochemical observation, different male sterile lines, maintainers and restorers and their hybrid had been categorized distinctly. The MS line 1 A, 3A and 7A have more protein content and peroxidase activity as compared to maintainer line 1 B, 3B and 7B. The sugar content was found lower in MS line as compared to maintainers. Among three male sterile lines, 1A have lowest protein content, highest peroxidase activity and medium sugar and chlorophyll content. 3 A have medium protein content and peroxidase activity were as highest sugar content and lowest chlorophyll content. Similarly, 7A have lowest protein and sugar content but highest protein and chlorophyll content. Among three maintainers lines 1 B have medium protein and chlorophyll content but highest sugar content and peroxidase activity. 3 B have low protein and chlorophyll content. Similarly the restorers and hybrids were characterized on the basis of protein content, peroxidase activity, sugar and chlorophyll content.
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