STUDIES ON SEED MYCOFLORA OF SOYBEAN {Glycine max. (L.) Merrill) AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SEED QUALITY PARAMETERS

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Date
2001-06-30
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MAHATMA PHULE KR1SH1 V1DYAPEETH, RAHURI-413722,
Abstract
The investigations were carried out on the association of seed-borne fungi on different grades of seeds of soybean, effect of different grades of seeds of soybean on seed germination and seedling vigour index, effect of different seed borne fungi of soybean on seed germination and seedling vigour index in-vitro and in-vivo, effect of different fungicides on seedborne fungi of soybean in-vitro and in-vivo, effect of different fungicides on growth of major seed-borne fungi of soybean in-vitro, effect of different broad spectrum fungicides for maintaining the longitivity of soybean seeds in storage. The results of these aspects are presented hereunder. Apart from varieties and threshing methods of soybean, AJternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum. Penicillium citrinum were found associated with healthy seeds of soybean. The discoloured seeds showed 6 types seed-borne fungi i.e. AJternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus niger, Cercospora kikuchii. The damaged seeds showed four types of fungi i.e. Alternaria alternate Macrophomina phaseolina, Penicillium citrinam, Aspergillus niger. The shrivelled seeds showed four types of fungi. These were Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium citrinum, Cercospora kikuchii. The seeds of soybean showed four type of seed-borne fungi associated with soybean seeds internally i.e. Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum Macrophomina phaseolina. Aspergillus niger. The grades of seeds and internal seed borne fungi were as given below : healthy seeds {Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum), discoloured and damaged Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum Macrophomina phaseolina, Aspergillus niger), shrivelled seeds (Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger). The number of internal seed-borne fungi were less than that of external seed-borne fungi. The healthy seeds showed less number of seed-borne fungi than other grades of seeds. Irrespective of varieties and threshing methods of soybean the healthy seeds showed germination from 77 to 83 per cent and seedling vigour index from 2135 to 2185. The discoloured seeds showed the germination from 32 to 40 per cent and seedling vigour index from 421 to 467. The damaged seeds showed the germination from 56 to 63 per cent and seedling vigour index from 1053 to 1099. The shrivelled seeds showed the germination from 43 to 52 per cent and seedling vigour index from 712 to 758. Among all the grades, healthy grades of seeds of soybean showed maximum germination and seedling vigour index than other grades of seeds due to less incidence of seed-borne fungi. Among all seed borne pathogens of soybean Fusarium oxysporum,Altemaria altemata and Aspergillus niger were highly pathogenic to soybean seeds. Among all the seed-borne fungi the Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria altemata were found more effective in reducing the seed germination and seedling vigour index of soybean ecarbendazim (0.2% each) and thiram (0.2%) showed maximum germination i.e. 53 per cent and 51 per cent, respectively as against 34.66 per cent in the control under artificial inoculation conditions in-vitro. The seed-borne fiingi Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria altemata were found effective in reducing the seed germination which showed 42.14 and 44.00 per cent, respectively. The fungicidal seed treatments thiram + carbendazim (0.2% each and thiram (0.2%) showed maximum germination i.e. 50.93 per cent and 49 per cent, respectively as against 32.40 per cent in the control treatment under artificial inoculation condition in-vivo. The seed-borne fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria altemata were found effective in reducing germination i.e. 40.04 and 42.00 per cent, respectively. The treatments, thiram (0.2 %) and thiram + carbendazim (0.2% each) were found effective for inhibiting the growth of Alternaria altemata and showed 100 and 91.07 percent inhibition, respectively in poison food technique. The treatment carbendazim (0.2%) and thiram + carbendazim (0.2% each) were found ffective for inhibiting the growth of Fusarium oxysporum and showed 100 per cent inhibition in each. The treatments thiram (0.2%) and captan (0.2%) were found effective for inhibiting the growth of Penicillium citrinum and showed 86.74 and 77 98 per cent inhibition, respectively. The treatment carbendazim (0.2%) and thiram (0.2%) were found effective for inhibiting the growth of Aspergillus mger,and showed 100 and 86.43 per cent inhibition, respectively. Irrespective of threshing methods the treatment thiram + carbendazim (0.2% each) showed 73 to 75 per cent and thiram (0.2%) showed 70 to 71 seed germination at the end of 5 months of storage which indicated that these two treatments were found effective in maintaining the seed germination above minimum standard (70%) upto 5 months of storage in cloth bags. The treatment thiram H- carbendazim (0.2% each) showed 1944 to 2126 seedling vigour index in control and thiram (0.2% each) showed 1944 to 1970 seedling vigour index as against 1085 to 1145 seedling vigour index respectively. The treatment thiram + carbendazim (0.2%) showed 28 to 24 and thiram (0.2%) showed 31 to 27 per cent incidence of seed-borne fungi as against 62 to 58 per cent in the control at the end of 5 months of storage .
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