CHARACTERIZATION OF SORGHUM {Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) CULTIVARS THROUGH MORPHOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL AND ELECTROPHORETIC TESTS
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Date
2002-12-31
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MAHATMA PHULE KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, RAHURI - 413 722, DIST.AHMEDNAGAR, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
Abstract
Present investigation on "Characterization of sorghum cultivars by morphological, chemical and electrophoretic tests" was carried out at Post Graduate Institute Research Farm and Seed Technology Research Unit (NSP), Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri (Maharashtra) during 2002. An experimental material consist of 24 sorghum cultivars having 100 per cent genetic purity were obtained from the Sorghum Improvement Project, M.P.K.V., Rahuri. The observations were recorded on, seedling, plant, flowers and seed morphological characters, besides chemical and electrophoretic tests. The morphological characteristics exhibited by different varieties studied indicated that although some of the cultivars have common morphological features in respect of one or few characters, they can be differentiated from each other on the basis of other characters. Sorghum cultivars can be characterised on the basis of seedling characters like pigmentation of coleoptile (absent, medium, strong), gmentation of sheath of first leaf (absent, medium, strong) and coleoptile length (short, medium, long). Most of the cultivars were in the category of strong pigmentation of coleoptile. The genotype SPV-492 was only cultivar grouped under colourless coleoptile pigmentation. Maximum number of cultivars grouped under medium categories of pigmentation of dorsal side of 1st leaf. According to coleoptile length almost all cultivars classified under medium category except SPV-492, RSV-361 and RS-665. Plant morphological characters like plant height at panicle emergence (short, medium and tall), plant colour (tan and non-tan), stem thickness (thin, medium thick), stem waxiness (less, medium, high) were studied. Leaf characters like leaf length, leaf width, leaf were also studied and characterised. Beside above characters> characters of panicle, flowers and seed also studied. Genotypes exhibited differences for these characters. On the basis of intensity of colour development twenty four genotype were grouped into three groups in peroxidase test. KOH leach test showed three classes of 24 genotypes as negative reaction, light reaction and dark reaction. Electrophoresis was carried out in two groups each group comprising 12 genotypes. An electrophoregram of first 12 genotype showed 29 total bands ranging from 13 to 18. There were six bands common in all genotypes. The first band migrated at lowest distance at Rm value 0.18 per cent in 9 genotypes and the last band migrated highest distance at Rm value 0.98 and was present in all genotypes. Electrophoresis indicated that genotypes can be differentiated from each other with respect to presence of absence of a particular band. Present study, indicated sorghum cultivars can be distinguished on the basis of the morphological characters of seed. Chemical tests could be exploited for distinguishing varieties in different groups. However, electrophoresis being stable and not influenced by environment gives more precise results for differentiating sorghum genotype.
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