Effect of provenance and storability on seed borne diseases and seed quality of soybean (glycine max l.) in Northern Karnataka
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Abstract
Soybean tops in the world production of both oil seeds and edible oil. Soybean seeds were
collected from different locations of five districts of Karnataka and they were screened for seed borne
diseases. Overall, 9 microfloras were isolated from five districts viz., Cercospora kikuchii, Rhizoctonia
bataticola, Colletotrichum truncatum, Fusarium spp. Rhizopus spp., and Xanthomonas axonopodis
pv glycines. Other saprophytic organisms included species of Penicillium spp., Aspergilus niger,
Aspergillus flavus. Highest occurrence of seed borne diseases was observed in Bagalkot district
(6.88%), followed by Bidar (5.30%), and the least was observed in Haveri (3.14%). Belgaum district
encountered the maximum infection rate of Cercospora kikuchii (13.57%). Whereas, Colletotrichum
truncatum (12.50%) was predominant in the seeds of Bidar district. Rhizoctonia spp. (14.77%)
Fusarium spp (7.40%), Rhizopus spp. (5.50%) Aspergillus niger (3.30%), Aspergillus flavus (2.17%),
Penicillium spp. (4.23%) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv gycines (6.57%) were encountered
maximum in Bagalkot district.
Bidar district reported better seed quality attributes and the least was Bagalkot.A significantly
high negative correlation between the per cent infection and per cent germination, vigour index,
protein, oil content was recorded. Correlation level was high in Bagalkot district, whereas it was low
in the seeds of Bidar district.
A laboratory storage experiment was conducted for eight months to know the storability of
Cercospora infected seeds. These seeds were stored with or without seed treatment with Thiram,
Bavistin and Vitavax power in high density polyethylene bags. The result indicated that the purple
stained seeds lose viability at a faster rate than the good seeds. More the stain areas on the seed
coat, more was the reduction in germination during storage. Irrespective of the seeds infected or not,
Vitavax power treated seeds (2 g/kg) stored better compared to untreated seeds.
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