Morphological and chemical characterization of different fruit morpho types in garcinia indica choisy

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South Asia is a rich repository of Tropical Fruits Trees (TFT). One such important TFT species which is gaining popularity in recent days because of its economic significance is Garcinia indica Choisy. The fruit rind is rich in-Hydroxycitric acid (-HCA), an important biologically active plant metabolite used as an anti-obesity drug. Systematic characterization of physico-chemical characters of available germplasm would provide knowledge on the extent of genetic diversity in the fruits species and facilitate in identifying the superior genotypes with desired character for domestication. Therefore it is important to evaluate species and understand its character which has greater impact on the productivity. With this background the present investigation was taken up in the College of Forestry, Sirsi. The trees were grouped based on the fruit colour into four major types viz. red; green; orange and yellow morpho types. The red and yellow morpho showed more variation in evaluated traits than the orange or green morpho. Fruit colour and fruit apex shape were more variable than others and were useful to discern different types. Fruits of yellow morpho were the heaviest (57.87 g) and orange morpho had lighter fruits (15.41 g) and other two morpho were intermediate. Nutritionally fruit rinds of ‘red morpho’ were the richest in Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid 465 mg per 100 g dry weight) which is 15 times higher than an orange. It is also a richest source of anthocyanin (70.51 mg/ 100 g dry weight). Green and red morpho type fruit contain high amount of HCA than other two morpho-types (20.35 g per 100 g dry weight and 19.5 g per100 g dry weight respectively). Major fatty acid found in seed butter morpho type is stearic and oleic acid, ranging from 56.40% to 60.88% and 31.97% to 39.17% respectively. Overall the present study indicates opportunities for phenotypic selection and quantitative improvement of the traits. All the morpho-types are showing highly significant variation for one or the other traits. Hence all the four morpho-types have equal importance and they are playing vital role in one or the other way.
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