Morphological and chemical characterization of different fruit morpho types in garcinia indica choisy
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Abstract
South Asia is a rich repository of Tropical Fruits Trees (TFT). One such important
TFT species which is gaining popularity in recent days because of its economic significance
is Garcinia indica Choisy. The fruit rind is rich in-Hydroxycitric acid (-HCA), an important
biologically active plant metabolite used as an anti-obesity drug. Systematic characterization
of physico-chemical characters of available germplasm would provide knowledge on the
extent of genetic diversity in the fruits species and facilitate in identifying the superior
genotypes with desired character for domestication. Therefore it is important to evaluate
species and understand its character which has greater impact on the productivity. With this
background the present investigation was taken up in the College of Forestry, Sirsi. The trees
were grouped based on the fruit colour into four major types viz. red; green; orange and
yellow morpho types. The red and yellow morpho showed more variation in evaluated traits
than the orange or green morpho. Fruit colour and fruit apex shape were more variable than
others and were useful to discern different types. Fruits of yellow morpho were the heaviest
(57.87 g) and orange morpho had lighter fruits (15.41 g) and other two morpho were
intermediate. Nutritionally fruit rinds of ‘red morpho’ were the richest in Vitamin C
(Ascorbic acid 465 mg per 100 g dry weight) which is 15 times higher than an orange. It is
also a richest source of anthocyanin (70.51 mg/ 100 g dry weight). Green and red morpho
type fruit contain high amount of HCA than other two morpho-types (20.35 g per 100 g dry
weight and 19.5 g per100 g dry weight respectively). Major fatty acid found in seed butter
morpho type is stearic and oleic acid, ranging from 56.40% to 60.88% and 31.97% to 39.17%
respectively. Overall the present study indicates opportunities for phenotypic selection and
quantitative improvement of the traits. All the morpho-types are showing highly significant
variation for one or the other traits. Hence all the four morpho-types have equal importance
and they are playing vital role in one or the other way.
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