ROOTSTOCK STUDIES IN GRAPES (Vitis species)
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Date
1999-08-19
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MAHATMA PHULE KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, RAHURI - 413 722, DIST. AHMEDNAGAR, (M.S.) INDIA
Abstract
The investigations on "Rootstock Studies in Grapes {Vilis species)" was undertaken during the year 1995-97 at Department of Horticulture, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri (M.S.) which included three major fields viz., i) screening of grape rootstocks for salt tolerance ii) standardization of propagation techniques and iii) evaluation of stionic combination on growth, yield and quality. The studies on screening of grape rootstock for salt tolerance was c laid out in a pot culture with Factorial Randomised Design and two replications. Five grape genotypes viz., Dogridge {I'Ui.s champini), 1616-C {V. othelo x V. solonis), 1613-C (K othelo x V. ripaha). Salt Creek {Vitis champini) and Thompson Seedless {Vitis Vinifcra L.) with two salts (NaCl and Na2SO4) and eight EC levels of salt concentrations i.e. normal irrigation as a control (ECiw= 0.42 dSm'*), 1,2,4,6,8,10 and 12 dSm"' were undertaken. Total twenty irrigations of saline water of different EC levels were given as per treatments. Irrigations were scheduled as per 30 per cent depUtion of field capacity'. The observations on shoot and root growtli parameters, shoot and root dry matter, bio-cliemical attributes (chlorophyll and proline) and N,P,K and Na status in leaf were recorded. The reduction in shoot and root growth, chlorophyll content, status of nitrogen and phosphorus in leaf, increase in level of proline, potassium, sodium level in leaves and K/Na ratio in leaf were considered as the criteria for relative salt tolerance in grapes rootstock. Based on these criteria, Dogridge recorded the lowest reduction in shoot growth attnubutes (37.25% and 50 per cent reduction at EC level of 6J3 dSm''), the highest proline content in leaves (14.31 ji mole g'"^) and the highest K/Na ratio (3.59), while Salt Creek recorded the lowest reduction n shoot growth parameters (41.62 % and 50 per cent reduction at EC level of 6.6 dSm"') and lowest reduction in chlorophyll content in leaves (37.88% and 50 per cent reduction at EC level of 6.6 dSm"') under NaCI salinity. The grape rootstock 1613-C had the lowest reduction in growth parameters (23.77 % and 50 per cent reduction at EC level of 9.3 dSm'), and higher level of proline content in leaves (25.36 p, mole g ' ^ ) , 1616-C had the lowest reduction in root attributes (27.33 % and 50 per cent reduction at EC level of 11.4 dSm"'), Salt Creek recorded the lowest reduciton in chlorophyll content in leaves (17.10% and 50 per cent reduction at EC level of 9.2 dSm'), 1613-C(^Mi.fa.M the higher level of proline content (25-36 |i mole g""^) and Dogridge had the highest K/Na (4.48) under Na2SO4 salinity. It is indicated that Dogridge and Salt Creek under NaCl salinity are relatively salt tolerant upto EC levels of 6.5 and 6.4 dSm^' respectively whereas Dogridge, 1613-C and Salt Creek are relatively salt tolerant under Na2SO4 salinity at EC level of 9.27, 9,07 and 8.34 dSm"', respectively. The second part of the experiment of standardization of propagation techniques was separately laid out in Randomixcd Block Design with four repliations and four grape rootstocks viz., Dogridge, Salt Creek, 1616-C and 1613- C and Thompson Seedless and Tas-A-Ganesh used as scion. The three methods of propagations viz., in silu chip budding, in .situ bench grafting and chip budding on air layering were tried under the investigation. The observations on bud swelling, sprouting, success percentage and period required were recorded. It was observed that chip budding on air layering on Dogridge (97.44%) and 1613-C (93.83%) had the better success. It was followed by in situ chip budding on Dogridge (91.00%), hip budding on 1613-C (89.13%) and bench grafting on Dogiidge (88.77%). The period required for chip budding on air layering was reduced by 16 to 18 months than in situ chip budding or bench grafting. The third part of the experiment viz., evaluation of stionic ombination for growth, yield and quality' was conducted on three years old existing grapevine garden which was laid out in Kandoinisd IJlock Design with four replications, five rootstocks viz., Dogridge. Salt Creek, 1616-C, 1613-C and t. George were grafted with 1 hompson Seedless and las-A-Gaiiesh as scions. It as observed that Tas-A-Ganesh on Dogridge recorded better stionic combination
in terms( of graft compatability (0.95), vine vigoiur (pruning weight 1.87 kg/vine), yield (4.74 kg/vine or 10.53 MT/lia), with maximum values of berry attributes like berry diameter (16.77 mm), berry length (24.00 mm), berry weight (2.74 g), and berry quality attributes like TSS (22.29°Brix). TSS to acidity ratio (44.58) and least acidity (0.50%). It was followed by Thompson Seedless on Dogridge. It is inferred from the studies^ that Dogridge and Salt Creek are relatively tolerant to NaCl salinity whereas Dogridge 1613-C and Salt Creek had tlie relative salt tolerance to NaaSOj salinity. The chip budding on air layering on Dogridge or 1613-C showed better success and reduced the period by 16 to 18 months for preparing saleable grafts. Tas-A-Ganesh or Thompson Seedless grafted on Dogridge have been proved as better stionic combination for better growth, yield and quality attributes.
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