SCREENING OF GRAPE ROOTSTOCKS FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE
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Date
2001-06-30
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MAHATMA PHULE KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, RAHURI - 413 722, AHMEDNAGAR, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
Abstract
The investigation on "Screening of grape rootstocks for drought tolerance" was conducted in pot culture under glasshouse conditions in the Department of Horticulture, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri (M.S.) to study the morphological, physiological and biochemical characters during the year 2000-2001. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Completely Randomised Design (F.C.R.D.) with two replications. Six grape genotypes viz., Dogridge {Vitis champini), Salt Creek {Vitis champini), 1613-C (V. othello x V. riparia), 1616-C (K othello x V. solonis), 1103-P {V. berlandiri x V. rupestris) and S04 {V. berlandiri x V. riparia) with three levels of irrigation regimes 0.3 bar, 0.5 bar and 0.7 bar were undertaken. Totalfthirty irrigations of water of different irrigation regimes (0.3 bar eleven irrigations, 0.5 bar ten irrigations and at 0.7 bar nine irrigations) were given. The observations on morphological parameters viz. growth, leaf, root attributes and days to appearance of stress, physiological parameters viz., Relative leaf water content, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight, stomatal frequency and biochemical parameters viz., chlorophyll 'a', cb' and total chlorophyll content in leaf, chlorophyll stability index were recorded. The reduction in height of shoot, diameter of shoot, number of shoots per vine, length of internode, total number of leaves per vine, length of main root, number of primary and secondary roots, days to rolling, shrivelling and drying of leaves, relative leaf water content, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, chlorophyll stability index and highest reduction in stomatal frequency and leaf area and highest content of chlorophyll 'a', 'b' and total chlorophyll were considered as the criteria for relative drought tolerance in grape rootstock. Based on these criteria the maximum height of shoot (61.33 cm) at 0.5 bar and (57.81cm) at 0.7 bar recorded by 1103-P while highest diameter of shoot by Dogridge (3.38mm). The maximum number of shoots by 1103-P (14.67) and also highest length of internode (6.85cm). The maximum total number of leaves were observed by 1103-P (98.83). The maximum leaf area was observed by Salt Creek (82.89cm2) while lowest by 1103-P (51.35cm2) because of its genetical character. The maximum length of main root was observed by 1103-P (56.03cm) followed by Dogridge (50.67cm). The maximum number of primary root per vine (21.08) and secondary roots per vine (36.83) were also observed by 1103-P followed by Dogridge (19.75 and 32.67, respectively). The maximum days were required by 1103-P for days to appearance of stress followed by Dogridge and Salt Creek. The highest relative water content was recorded by 1103-P (79.68 %) followed by Dogridge (76.58%). The lowest reduction in shoot and root weight was observed by 1103-P followed by Dogridge and Salt Creek. The maximum shoot : root ratio on fresh weight basis was observed by 1103-P (1.401) and on dry weight basis also by 1103-P (1.696) which was followed by Dogridge (1.213 and 1.303, respectively). The rootstock S04 recorded the maximum stomatal frequency (214.91 per mm2) while lowest by 1103-P (96.69 per mm2). The lowest chlorophyll stability index was recorded by 1103-P (0.328) followed by Dogridge (0.504) while the rootstock Salt Creek and S04 recorded the highest CSI (0.688 and 0.689, respectively). The maximum chlorophyll 'a' content (1.638 mg g"1 FW), chlorophyll 'b' content (0.608 mg g _1 FW) and total chlorophyll content (2.246 mg g"1 FW) were observed by 1103-P followed by Dogridge (1.403 mg g"1 FW, 0.577 mg g"1 FW and 1.982 mg g"1 FW, respectively). It is inferred that 1103-P, Dogridge and Salt Creek rootstocks of grapes are relatively drought tolerant.
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