STUDIES TO CONTROL LATE SE&SON FLOWER PRODUCTION IN POMEGRANATE (Punica granatum, L.)

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Date
1991-02-14
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MAHATMA PHULE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, POST GRADUATE INSTITUTE, RAHURI, DISTRICT - AHMEDNAGAR (M.S.)
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out on 7 year old plants of pomegranate cv, Ganesh, spaced at 5 x 5 m at the instructional-cum-Research Orchard, Department of Horticulture,Mahatma Phule Agricultural University, Rahuri duringambia bahar of 1989. It involved 15 treatments having5 chemicals viz. GA (20 ppm), Ethrel (2 50 and 500 ppm), AA (100, 2 50 and 500 ppm), MH (1000 ppm) and Carbaryl (0.7%)at different concentrations, in combinations or alone, making in all 13 treatments, and control treatment and hand removalof flowers at regular interval of 14 days as -the two additionaltreatments which were replicated thrice in randomised blockdesign. The treatment application commenced on 75th dayafter the first irrigation of bahar treatment. Observationson growth, flowering aspects, yield, grade of fruit and fruitquality were recorded and economics was worked out.Highest number of shoots were produced in 500 ppmEthrel + 20 ppm GA after 14 days, followed by hand removalof flowers once + 20 ppm GA. While, the lowest shoot numberwas in 500 ppm NAA. GA treatments increased shoot lengthwhile Ethrel, MH, NAA and Carbaryl reduced it. GA and NAAtreatments increased leaf area per shoot, while Ethrel, MHand Carbaryl reduced it. The chlorophyll content was lessin 500 ppm Ethrel, followed by 1000 ppm MH, 250 ppm Ethreland 0.7% Carbaryl, while 500 ppm NAA increased it. Carbarylwhen used alone produced the phytotoxic effects but Carbarylpreceded by NAA (250 ppm) on the same day (6 hours) did notshow any phytotoxic effect. NAA and Ethrel at 500 ppm vealedphytotoxic effects.Hand removal of flowers at 14 days interval enhanced flowerproduction. Carbaryl, MH and GA inhibited flower production.While Ethrel induced more flowers than the above chemicals. GA induced more percentage of Male flowers and reducedthat of hermaphrodite flowers. While, MH, Ethrel and Carbaryl induced more percentage of hermaphrodite flowers. Hand removal of flowers at 14 days interval was mosteffective to remove flower load. Hand removal of flowers+ 20 ppm GA, as also 500 ppm Ethrel used as basal spraychemical induced more flower drop.Treatments revealed significant differences on cropharvest both in terms of fruit number and yield (weight).The number and yield of fruits of different grades was also significantly influenced. The fruit size and quality were also influenced to a greater extent.The eight treatments (T 5, T 3, T 8, T 10, T 15, T 14, T 2 and T 13) gave increase in net returns over control while six treatments (T 4, T 6, T 7, T 9, T 11 and T 12) gave decrease in net returns over control. The highestincrease in net returns was from 250 ppm NAA +0.7% Carbaryl(Rs.8834.14/ha) followed by hand removal of flowers + 20 ppm GA (Rs.8674.70/ha). While,the highest decrease in net returnswas in 500 ppm NAA + 0.7% Carbaryl (Rs.7983.60/ha) and 500 ppmNAA (Rs.3497.48/ha). Hence, 2 50 ppm NAA +0.7% Carbaryl on75th day after first irrigation may be recommended for mercialpractice. Further experimentation with 2 50 ppm NAA andvarying concentrations of Carbaryl is suggested.
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