GENETICAL STUDIES IN CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.)

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Date
2001-05-30
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MAHATMA PHULE KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, RAHURI-413 722, DIST. AHMEDNAGAR, MAHARASHTRA STATE (INDIA)
Abstract
An investigation was undertaken with a view to study the extent of heterosis over better parent, nature and magnitude of gene action and inbreeding depression in chilli. The parents F1s, F2S, B 1s and B2s were evaluated during Kharif, 2000. Significant and positive heterosis was observed for yield and its contributing characters like number of primary branches per plant, height of plant, length of fruit, number of fruits per plant, average weight of fruit, etc. in a cross PMR-50 x Phule Sai and primary branches per plant, height of plant, length of a fruit, ascorbic acid content in the cross combination PMR-107 x GS-31. Both the cross combinations exhibited significant heterosis in desirable direction for days to 50% flowering and days to maturity. The percentage of heterosis over better parent were maximum for height of plant (38.30%) followed by ascorbic acid content (29.95%) and number of primary branches per plant (26.35%). The cross combination PMR-50 x Phule Sai was most promising for yield and yield attributes and may be assessed for exploitation by heterosis breeding. Analysis of gene actions and their effects revealed that dominance genetic effect played an important role in expression of the characters such as height of plant, length of fruit, number of fruits, red fresh yield per plant and per cent disease intensity of powdery mildew in both the crosses except height of plant and length of fruit in either of the crosses. Most of the characters showed duplicate type of epistasis except average weight of fruit in both the cross combinations. Both the hybrids showed positive inbreeding depression for days to 50% flowering and days to maturity which is desirable for these particular characters. The cross combination PMR-50 x Phule Sai exhibited inbreeding depression in desirable direction for height of paint (-0.40%) and spread of plant (-16.10%) whereas, the cross combination PMR-107 x GS-31 for number of primary branches per plant (-3.70%) and for length of fruit (-1.55%). From the present study, it is evident that the cross PMR-107 x GS-31 was the most desirable combination. This cross and its parents could be successfully utilized in further breeding programme of chilli.
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