Plant morphology and biochemical studies on different germplasm of brinjal (Solanum melongena Linnaeus) in relation to their major insect pest and natural enemies

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Date
2013
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Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur
Abstract
Investigation on “Plant morphology and biochemical studies on different germplasm of brinjal (Solanum melongena Linnaeus) in relation to their major insect pest and natural enemies” was conducted at Horticulture experimental field, department of Entomology and laboratory works were conducted in department of Crop Physiology, Agricultural Biochemistry and Herbal Science of Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.) in Rabi-Summer, 2012-13. The study revealed that the major insect pest viz., brinjal shoot and fruit borer, whitefly, jassid and epilachna beetle were attacking in brinjal germplasm IGB-64. The incidence of whitefly, jassid and epilachna beetle started from third week after transplanting, further increased and recorded the peak activity of 10.2 flies per plant and 8.4 jassids per plant during fourth week, whereas the peak activity of 2.0 beetles per plant was observed during third week of March. The brinjal shoot and fruit borer infestation was first appeared during fourth week of January, increased gradually with peak shoot infestation of 21.83 per cent of 29.41 per cent during second week of March and fruit infestation during last week of April. The population of lady bird beetle and spider coincided with the appearance of host insects throughout the crop season with peak population of 1.6 beetles per plant during second week of March and 1.2 spiders per plant during third week of March. The results of screening the brinjal germplasms against tested insect pest showed that among the sixty six germplasms, IGB-1, IGB-3, IGB-16, IGB-29, IGB30, IGB-35, IGB-65, IGB-69, IGB-78 and IGB-73 were least preferred by insect pest while IGB-6, IGB-22, IGB-26, IGB-28, MK×GL, MK×PPR and 80×77 found highly susceptible for the insect pest. The population of whitefly and jassid was positively and non significantly correlated with maximum and minimum temperature while negatively correlated with maximum and minimum relative humidity, rainfall and sunshine hours. The 78 population of epilachna beetle was positively correlated with maximum relative humidity while negatively with other weather parameters. The brinjal shoot and fruit borer infestation showed positive and significant correlation with maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall and sunshine hours, whereas, negative correlation with maximum and minimum relative humidity. The per cent shoot and fruit borer infestation showed positive correlations with plant height, stem diameter, number of primary branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, length of top, middle and bottom leaf and width of bottom leaf at 40 DAT, 70 DAT and 100 DAT. A negative correlation between fruit infestation and hair density of fruit calyx (r = – 0.464), stem (r = – 0.449) and leaves (r = – 0.633) was recorded. The positive correlation was found between per cent brinjal shoot and fruit borer infestation and fruit length (r = 0.021), fruit width (r = 0.053) and fruit weight (r = 0.014), whereas, negative correlation was found with number of fruits per plant (r = – 0.153). A strong negative correlation between the brinjal shoot and fruit borer infestation and total phenol content (r = – 0.690), while strong positive correlation with total sugar content (r = 0.961) was noticed on brinjal germplasms.
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