STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TRAINING SYSTEMS AND SEASONS ON YIELD OF BITTER GOURD (Momordica charantia L.) cv. CO WHITE LONG

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Date
1991-08-29
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MAHATMA PHULE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, RAHURI - 413 722, DIST. AHMEDNAGAR, MAHARASHTRA STATE, INDIA
Abstract
Productivity of bitter gourd cv. CO White Long as influenced by different systems of training in different seasons together with its economic feasibility was studied at Instructional-cum-Research-Farm of HorticultureDepartment of Mahatma Phule Agricultural University,Rahuri during Summer, Kharif and Rabi seasons of 1990-91.Four systems of training viz.; ground, bush, kniffin andbower were tested in simple randomised block design withfive replications in each season in a plot size of 7.5mx 5mhaving three rows spaced at 2.5 m apart with fiveplants spaced at 1 m within row. Sowing of summer, kharifand rabi seasons was done on 5.2.90, 15.5.90 and 15.9.90,respectively. Irrespective of the season of lanting, the bowersystem of training was the most efficient in increasingthe productivity of bitter gourd. There was 120, 107 and25 per cent increase in yield due to bower system overground, bush and kniffin system, respectively. Anincrease in yield was mainly due to vigorous vine growth,higher number of branches, proper distribution andexposure of fruiting area to sunshine which resulted in tothe production of higher number of fruits with more lengthand diameter. Since the fruiting area in bower systemremained sufficiently high above the ground, there wasless incidence of fruit fly.The bower system of training observed to be morestronger, durable and economically viable as it had giventhe highest return per rupee invested to its installation(Rs.2.44).The summer crop sown on 5.2.90 recorded thehighest yield than kharif and rabi season plantings. Themajor fruiting of summer planting was from June toSeptember which availed congenial climatic conditions and as a result there were more number of pickings and, thus, higher yield. Despite of longer and thicker fruits inkharif season, the yield was less as the crop was heavilydamaged by post-monsoon rains from the last week of September to the first ortnight of October. The vinegrowth was rather restricted in rabi season, (jThe lowtemperatures during fruiting seasons exercised adverseeffects on fruitset and development, consequently therewas eduction in yield/The effect of training systems and plantingseasons when compared together it was clearly observedthat the summer planting with training of vines on bowersystem was the most ideal which recorded the highest fruityield of 227.43 quintals per hectare.
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