SCREENING OF WINE GRAPE VARIETIES FOR GROWTH, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY PARAMETERS

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Date
2007-05-17
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MAHATMA PHULE KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, RAHURI - 413 722, DIST. AHMEDNAGAR MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
Abstract
An investigation on "Screening of wine grape varieties for growth, yield and fruit quality parameters" was undertaken with an objective to screen different wine grape varieties for growth, yield and berry quality attributes. The field study was carried out at the vineyards of All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Grapes, M.P.K.V., Rahuri, Dist. Ahmednagar during the year 2006-2007. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with twelve wine grape varieties viz., Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Pinot Noir, Merlot, Pinot Meunier, Syrah and Grenache were coloured varieties and Viognier, Ugni Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay . Havinal and Chenin Blanc were white wine varieties as treatments with three replications. Observations on morphological characteristics of leaves, vine vigour, berries, bunches, yield, sensory evaluation, disorders, pests and diseases of individual varieties were recorded. All the morphological characters showed significant varietal differences, hereas, the vines within the variety had similar characters. The parameters related with vine vigour viz., pruning weight, number of canes, cane length, number of internodes, internodal length and fruitfulness. And berry and bunch attributes viz., berry diameter, length, hundred berry weight, number of seeds per berry, colour of berry, number of berries per bunch, bunch length, breadth, shape and compactness were studied. Yield attributes like number of bunches per vine, average bunch weight and yield per vine. Quality and biochemical attributes viz., TSS, acidity, TSS:acid ratio, pH, sugar and juice yield were studied. Disorders, pests and diseases viz., shot berries, mummification, thrips, mealy bug, flea beetle, stem borer, downy mildew, powdery mildew and anthracnose were studied. Significant inter varietal differences were observed for these parameters. The vines of Chenin Blanc recorded maximum pruning weight (2.93 kg), number of canes (52.44), internodal length (4.26 cm), fruitfulness (95.02 %), yield per vine (12.19 kg) and yield per hectare (27.09 MT). Among other varieties pruning weight varied from 1.35 to 1.83 kg per vine in Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Grenache, Ugni Blanc and Sauvignon Blanc was recorded and fruitfulness was also more than 85 per cent in these varieties with an average number of canes up to 25 to 30 per vine. However, the highest hundred berry weight 169.88 g was recorded in variety Ugni Blanc and others were in the range of 125 to 140 g. The average bunch weight was maximum in the variety Cabernet Franc (147.76 g) and for the others it was between 115 to 130 g. Whereas, the highest juice recovery was recorded in Chenin Blanc (84.56 %) followed by Chardonnay (84.14%). The juice samples of these varieties had TSS ranging from 20.53 °Brix in Viognier to 22.61 °Brix in Cabernet Sauvignon, acidity ranging from 0.76 per cent in Viognier to 0.94 per cent in Chenin Blanc, TSS: acid ratio from 23.13 in Chenin Blanc to 28.03 in Cabernet Sauvignon, pH from 3.35 in Chenin Blanc to 3.87 in Viognier, total sugars from 17.66 per cent in Ugni Blanc to 23.70 per cent in Pinot Noir and reducing sugars from 16.44 per cent in Ugni Blanc to 21.19 per cent in Pinot Noir. Sensory evaluation of juice revealed that, juice of varieties Syrah, Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon were shown better with respect to colour and appearance, flavour and taste of juice, whereas, overall acceptability of juice was better from varieties Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Ugni Blanc and Chardonnay. Most of the varieties had less percent shot berries and mummification which ranged from 0.93 to 3.31 per cent except for Chenin Blanc in which 5.99 per cent shot berries and 7.43 per cent mummification were observed. Majority of the varieties showed low and moderate infestation with thrips, mealy bug, and flea beetle whereas, all varieties were found to be moderately susceptible to powdery mildew, downy mildew and anthracnose diseases. On the basis of the vine vigour, yield and quality of the berries, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc and Syrah among coloured grape wine varieties and Ugni Blanc and Chenin Blanc among white grape wine varieties were found suitable for growing.
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