STUDY OF GROUND WATER RECHARGE PLANNING FOR SEMI-CRITICAL BLOCKS OF RAJNANDGAON AND KAWARDHA DISTRICTS OF CHHATTISGARH PLAINS

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Date
2016
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Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur
Abstract
Ground water is an important factor in Soil Conservation Service operations. Large amounts of water are being lost by runoff and evaporation in the same areas where ground-water supplies are being depleted. Added emphasis is needed on the conservation and use of excess runoff where there are possibilities for increased underground storage. The average ground water development of Rajnandgaon and Kawardha districts are reported to be 53.89 and 66.12 percent, respectively. Dongargaon and Rajnandgaon blocks of Rajnandgaon district falls in the semi-critical stage of groundwater development. The stage of the ground water development in the blocks is 79.03% and 82.37% respectively. Kawardha and Pandariya blocks of Kawardha district fall in the semi-critical stage of ground water development. The stage of the ground water development in the blocks is 74.48% and 89.58% respectively. Looking to the need of ground water recharge plan for the Semi Critical blocks of these districts a study on ground water recharge planning was carried out in the Department of Soil and Water Engineering ,SVCAET & RS, FAE,IGKV,Raipur. It needs appropriate ground water recharge locations, which can be prepared by using satellite data and GIS technique. The Present study was aimed to identify appropriate location for artificial recharge structure in these districts. The thematic maps was generated using GIS tools. The accurate information to obtain the parameters that can be considered for identifying the ground water potential zone such as districts and Block boundary ,geology, slope, drainage ,soil texture, water level depth and lineament were generated using the satellite data and Survey of India (SOI) toposheets of scale 1:50000. Satellite image was classified using supervised classification method to generated land use land cover map of the study area. The total geographical area of Rajnandgaon and Kawardha district was found to be 8042.57 ha and 407835ha. The upper, middle and lower reaches of drainage lines were considered for different sizes of check dam. The site for percolation tank was identified based on sink points for groundwater recharge. The field survey of study areas was also carried out to find out the suitability of proposed artificial ground water recharge structures. It was concluded that suitable area for artificial recharge structures in these districts was found to be 76.1 and 100 percent, respectively. Finally locations were identified for check dams, where as locations were identified for percolation tanks in Rajnandgaon district, and locations for check dam and locations for percolation tank in Kawardha district were identified. The subsurface storage space was estimated on the basis of thickness of available vadose zone. The vadose zone of 557.21 Mm3, and 296.76 Mm3 are available for artificial recharge in the Rajnandgaon and Kawardha districts, respectively. The volume of water required for artificial recharge were found to be 741.08 Mm3 and 394.69 Mm3 respectively for these districts. It was found that sufficient volume of water required for artificial recharge is available. Availability of surface water to recharge the subsurface reservoir were found to be, 2943.3 Mm3 and 997.0 Mm3 respectively in the form of non-committed surplus runoff out of which 30 percent (882.95 Mm3 and 299.11 Mm3 ) is considered as surplus monsoon runoff which is available for artificial recharge. Design of varies recharge structures for different locations were also suggested in this study.
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