"NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF GRAINS AND LEAF NITRATE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY IN GREEN GRAM [Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek] CULTIVARS

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Date
2001-01-15
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MAHATMA PHULE KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, RAHURI, DIST. AHMEDNAGAR. 413 722 MAHARASHTRA.
Abstract
The present investigation aims at evaluating the proximate composition of grains often released and promising eultivars of green gram. In addition, the nitrate reductase (NR) activity from the trifoliate leaves of green gram seedlings was standardized by an in vivo method. The nitrate reductase activity in the leaves of ten green gram eultivars was also examined and correlated with gram protein contents. In addition, the distribution of NR activity m different plant parts such as leaves, stems, petioles, roots and root nodules m 45-day-old green gram, cv. PM-9339 was also investigated. The green gram seedlings and plants were grown in soil-filled pots under natural daylight conditions during the months from February to April, 2000. Grains of ten green gram eultivars were analysed for biochemical constituents viz., moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fibre, total carbohydrates, limiting amino acids (methionine and tryptophan) and minerals (phosphorus, XVI Abstract Contd.. R. C. Mandape calcium and potassium). All the cultivars differed significantly in their contents of moisture (8.86 to 10.46 %), crude protein (20.07 to 28.26 %>, crude fat (2.06 to 2.93 %), crude fibre (2.91 to 5.66 %), carbohydrates (54.53 to 60.43 Xmethionine (0.71 to 1.07 g 16 g'1 N), phosphorus (222.08 to 351.25 mg 100 g"1) and potassium (971.66 to 1138.33 mg 100 g"1). However, the contents of ash (3 53 to 4 06 %), tryptophan (0 56 to 0.67 g 16 g"1 N) and calcium (122.66 to 144 mg 100 g*1) were non significant The infiltration media (5.0 ml) used for the determination of in vivo NR activity for plus KNO3 assays in green gram trifoliate leaves were standardized in respect of nitrate, 100 mM, n-propanol, 1 % v/v and Triton- X-100, 0.05 %, v/v together with sodium phosphate buffer (100 mM, pH 7.5). The diurnal variations were observed in NR activity in the trifoliate leaves of green gram. The average NR activity which was low at 6.00 a m. in the morning increased rapidly as the day advanced, until it reached a maximum level at 2.00 p m. The NR activity, however, declined during the afternoon hours, reaching to a minimal level at 6.00 p.m. The enzymatic potentials of NR from different leaves oj leaves indicated that the highest NR activity was observed in the/cultivar AKM- 9601, while the lowest in PM-9365 The significant positive correlation between NR activity in different leaves and protein content in the grains of the green gram cultivars indicated that the cultivars with higher protein content and NR activity such as AKM-9601and AKM-9602 could be selected for further varietal improvement programmes. The highest NR activity in 45-day-old green gram plants was observed in petioles, indicating that petioles are the major site of nitrate assimilation in green gram, followed by leaves, stems, roots and root nodules in that order
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sowing, intercropping, wheats, tillage equipment, seed drilling, crops, mustard, fertilizers, land resources, chickpeas
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