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Agriculture University, Jodhpur
Agriculture University, Jodhpur was established on 14th September, 2013 by Government of Rajasthan under Agriculture University, Jodhpur Act 21 of 2013 to focus on holistic development of arid and semi-arid regions of the state covering 6 districts (Jodhpur, Barmer, Nagaur, Pali, Jalore and Sirohi), constituting 28% of total geographical area which is sustaining 20.8% human and 28.4% animal population of the state. The districts under jurisdiction of the university cover 3 agro-ecological zones of the state. These are Arid Western Plain Zone Ia (Jodhpur and Barmer districts), Transitional plain of Luni Basin Zone IIb (Jalore, Pali, and Sirohi districts) and part of Transitional Plain of Inland Drainage Zone IIa (Nagaur district). The university has 1 institute of diploma and 3 colleges to produce highly competent educated human resources in agriculture and allied sciences besides 2 agricultural research stations, one each in zone Ia & IIb and 3 agricultural research sub stations, one in each zone to prepare, plan and perform highly need based research in this acute water scarce but naturally rich bio-diversified zone of the country. The third most important part in tri-pillar (Teaching, Research & Extension) of agricultural development, the extension for transfer of technologies are reached to doorsteps of the farming community by 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (K-V-Ks), 2 in Nagaur district and 1 each in Jodhpur, Barmer, Jalore & Sirohi districts under the umbrella of the university. The different units of teaching, research and extension are coordinating to systematically run by the headquarter situated at Mandor, Jodhpur.
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ThesisItem Open Access Herbicidal weed management in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-07-25) Yadav, Manisha; Singh, IshwarA field experiment entitled “Herbicidal weed management in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)” was conducted at Instructional Farm, Mandor, Jodhpur during Rabi season of 2021-22. Field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with Ten treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments taken in the investigation were T1- Imazethapyr @ 50 g/ha at 20 DAS, T2- Propaquizafop+imazethapyr @ 50 g/ha at 20 DAS, T3- Sodium Acifluorfen+clodinafop propargyl @ 200 g/ha at 20 DAS, T4- Fomesafen+fluazifop-p-butyl @ 200 g/ha at 20 DAS, T5- Bentazon @ 750 g/ha at 30 DAS, T6- Pendimethalin+imazethapyr @ 750 g/ha as PE, T7 – Pendimethalin @ 750 g/ha as PE, T8- Sulfentrazone @ 75 g/ha as PE, T9- Weed Free and T10- Weedy Check. Among treatments, application of pendimethalin+imazethapyr @ 750 g/ha as PE significantly reduced weed density of Chenopodium murale L., Chenopodium album L. and Rumex dentatus L. as well as total density and dry weight of weeds at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest. Similarly, higher weed control efficiency and Weed index was also obtained under these treatments. Weed free recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributing characters and yields over rest of the treatments. Among herbicidal treatments, plant height, no. of branches/plant, dry matter accumulation (g/m2) as well as yield attributing characters viz., no. of pods/plant, no. of seeds/pod, 100-seed weight and seed yield/plant of chickpea were produced significantly higher under application of pendimethalin+imazethapyr @ 750 g/ha as PE resulted in higher seed and stover yield. Despite higher yield and net returns, returns per rupee of investment (B:C ratio) were low with weed free treatment due to higher labour wages. Increase in seed and stalk yield, which subsequently improved gross returns, net returns and B: C ratio also and recorded highest under pendimethalin+imazethapyr @ 750 g/ha as PE.ThesisItem Open Access Variability Analysis for Morphological Traits in Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Under Normal and Limited Moisture Conditions(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2021) Junjhadia, Sunita; Khandelwal, VikasAn experiment entitled “Variability Analysis for Morphological Traits in Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Under Normal and Limited Moisture Conditionsˮ was conducted with 30 genotypes in Kharif, 2020 at Research Farm of ICAR-AICRP on Pearl Millet, Project Coordinating Unit, Mandor-Jodhpur (Rajasthan). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 3 replications in two moisture conditions and observations of days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, leaf area, flag leaf area, plant height, panicle length, panicle girth, stem girth, number of productive tillers per plant, number of nodes per plant, 1000- grain weight, dry fodder yield per plant, relative water content, chlorophyll content, grain yield and drought susceptibility index were recorded. Analysis of variance depicted significant difference for all the traits under study, indicated that good amount of inherent variations are present. The phenotypic coefficient of variance was higher than genotypic coefficient of variance for all the traits under study, indicating influence of environment on expression of such traits. The highest value of PCV and GCV were observed for dry fodder yield per plant and the lowest for days to maturity in both moisture conditions. All the traits showed high heritability except days to 50% flowering, days to maturity in limited moisture condition and RWC in both moisture conditions. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for grain yield, dry fodder yield, plant height, panicle length, panicle girth, stem girth, leaf area, flag leaf area, number of productive tillers per plant, number or nodes per plant, 1000 grain weight and chlorophyll content in both moisture conditions, indicating these traits were govern by additive gene action. Hence, for the improvement in grain yield, selection on these traits could be practiced. Analysis of correlation coefficient revealed that grain yield per plant had positive and significant correlation with flag leaf area, number of productive tillers per plant, 1000- grain weight, RWC and chlorophyll content in both moisture conditions. Moreover, in normal moisture condition panicle girth and dry fodder yield per plant also showed positive and significant correlation with grain yield per plant. These results illustrating that these traits important in contribution for grain yield. High variations were observed for drought susceptibility index (DSI) in this study. DSI values ranged between 0.350 and 1.376. The genotypes with low DSI value were considered as drought resistant, meanwhile, genotypes with high DSI value were considered as drought susceptible.ThesisItem Open Access Heterosis and Combining Ability Studies for Yield and Component Characters in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Over Different Seasons(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-03-12) Kherwa, Radhe Shyam; Bhardwaj, Raju LalAn investigation was undertaken with a view to evaluate the magnitude of heterosis, combining ability, G x E interactions and stability parameters for fruit yield and its component characters following Line × Tester design involving (4 females and 8 males) varieties/genotypes of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). These twelve parents and their 32 F1s with Pusa Uttam as standard check were tested for sixteen characters under three growing transplanting season. viz., E1: Summer Season – April, E2: Kharif Season – July, E3: Early Winter Season – October, in the year of 2020-2021, at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur, in randomized block design with three replications. The analysis of variance for all the traits revealed presence of considerable genetic variability in the genotypes studied. Appreciable influence of environment which showed the genotype × environment interaction was significant for all the characters. While the mean squares due to G × E interactions were significant for most of the traits. The most heterotic crosses over mid parent, better parent and standard check for fruit yield and other contributing characters were PR-5 × BCB-71-1, PR-5 × Swarna Mani, PLR-1 × Swarna Mani, PLR-1 × BCB-71-1, PLR-1 × BCB-464, PR-5 × BCB-464, VR-2 × CO-2, IIHR- 563 × BCB-71-1 and IIHR- 563 × BCB-464. These crosses were considered promising for their use for improvement of yield characters with earliness and quality traits in brinjal. The environment wise combining ability analysis revealed significant differences for gca and sca variances for all the characters indicating importance of both additive and non-additive gene effects in the genetic control of all the characters studied. The mean sum of squares due to females × environments (seasons) were significant for fruit yield which indicated that gca variance of females were influenced by the environments. The combining ability studies indicated that among female parents, PR-5, PLR-1 and VR-2, whereas among male parents BCB-464, BCB-71-1, Swarna Mani and CO-2 were emerged as good general combiners for fruit yield and most of the contributing characters. Whereas, the crosses viz., PR-5 × BCB-71-1, PR-5 × BCB 464, PLR-1 × BCB-71-1, PLR-1 × Swarna Mani, VR-2 × CO-2, IIHR- 563 × BCB 464 and VR-2 × Swarna Mani were exhibited high sca effect for fruit yield and most of the contributing characters. These crosses could be of immense potential in brinjal improvement programme. The analysis of variance of phenotypic stability indicated highly significant G × E interaction for most of the traits indicating differential response of genotypes to varied environments. The mean sum of squares due to pooled deviation (non-linear) were also significant for most of the characters indicating role of unpredictable causes affecting stability and the prediction of these attributes would be difficult. Joint consideration of mean performance and stability parameters revealed that parents BCB-464, BCB-71-1, PR-5, IIHR- 563, Swarna Mani and PLR-1 was more responsive for fruit yield and associated characters, therefore these were considered suitable for better environment. The crosses PR-5 × BCB-464, PR-5 × BCB-71-1, PLR-1 × BCB-71-1, PLR-1 × Swarna Mani, IIHR- 563 × BCB-71-1 and PLR-1 × BCB-464 was stable over wide range of environments for most of fruit yield traits with earliness and quality attributes, showing their suitability for variable environments. Overall, on the basis of high per se performance, significant gca effects for fruit yield with earliness as well as quality characters and stability, the parents PR-5, BCB-464, BCB-71-1, PLR-1 and Swarna Mani were found superior. Out of 32 crosses studied, PR-5 × BCB-464, PR-5 × BCB-71-1, PLR-1 × BCB-71-1, PLR-1 × BCB-464 and PLR-1 × Swarna Mani were found to have superior on the basis of high per se performance, sca effects, significant heterotic effect in desirable direction and good stability in all three environments as well as poled over environments for fruit yield and most of the associated traits like earliness and quality traits, offer good opportunity for future brinjal improvement programme.ThesisItem Open Access Incidence of Root Rot (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and its Management)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022) Sharma, Sunita; Kumawat, RekhaFenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) belongs to the family Fabaceae, locally known as “Methi”. It is widely utilized in the life of human beings. Fenugreek is the third highest important seed spice in India after coriander and cumin. Sudden wilting and drying of plants are the characteristic symptoms of root rot in fenugreek caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The highest per cent incidence of root rot was recorded from Tinwari tehsil followed by Osian, Bilara and minimum from Bhopalgarh tehsil. Isolated and purified culture was identified as Rhizoctonia solani. The seed-cum-soil inoculation technique recorded highest disease incidence followed by soil inoculation while seed inoculation recorded lowest disease incidence. Azoxystrobin 11% + tebuconazole 18.3% SC was completely inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani and also found significantly superior over each fungicide followed by tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG, pyraclostrobin 25% + fluxapyroxad 250g/l, thiophanate methyl 450g/l + pyraclostrobin 50g/l. Maximum per cent inhibition of mycelial growth was observed in Trichoderma viride followed by T. harzianum and Bacillus subtilis after 7 days of incubation. Garlic clove extract was observed highly effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of R. solani followed by turmeric and ginger. Minimum mycelial growth inhibition was observed in giloy extract.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Prevalence, Identification and Management of Alternaria blight (Alternaria spp.) of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-08-03) Yadav, Gopal Lal; Kumar, ManishCumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is an important seed spice crop, belonging to family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) under order Apiales. Cumin is believed to be originated from Mediterranean and near Eastern regions of the globe. Cumin is popularly used for flavouring food, herbal medicine and culinary for flavouring soups, pickles and vegetables, for this reason it stands first position and popular all over the world among seed spices. Seed and soil borne pathogens are the major constraints in production of cumin, causing poor germination and early mortality of seedling. Cumin crop is mainly affected by three fungal (wilt, blight & powdery mildew) diseases. In the early stage of infection affected plants show minute, isolated whitish necrotic areas which turn purple with age and later become brown and finally black. Seed losses to the extent of 83% due to blight has been reported. In the present investigation, during surveys of different location in Jodhpur region intensity and incidence of Alterrnaria blight disease in Jodhpur district ranged from 40.2 % to 60.16% and 42.83% to 70% respectivly. The highest disease intensity and incidence was found in Bilara tehsil at 60.16% & 70% followed by Tinwari (49.23 & 57.5%), Osian (48.86 & 58.8%), Phalodi (47.76 & 50%) and minimum (40.2 & 42.83%) disease intensity & incidence was recorded in Lohawat tehsil. The inter relationship between weather parameters and Alternaria blight revealed that optimum temperature (15oC to 30oC), maximum R.H and clouds formation observed significantly positive effect on Alternaria blight during year 2021-2022. The freshly infected cumin plants exhibited typical blight symptoms were collected from the farmer’s field and isolated by following standard tissue isolation method and revealed the association of Alternaria spp. after studying the cultural and morphological characters of the fungus and the pathogenicity was proved by following Koch’s Postulates. The pure culture identified as Alternaria burnsii. Thirty cumin germplasm were screened under natural field condition and none of the germplasm showed highly resistant and resistant reactions. Three germplasm were found as moderately resistant against Alternaria blight. In the experiment on management of Alternaria blight the fungicides were tested in vitro and found that tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG (75 WG) inhibited the 100% mycelial growth at all the concentrations. However, under field condition, pyraclostrobin 13.3% + epoxiconazole 5% SE @ 1.5 ml/lit (11.4%) and resulted in increased seed yield with resulted in good B:C ratio (3.0) lowest disease intensity. Among the bio-inoculants tested in vitro in dual culture analysis Trichoderma viride (71.36%) was found most efficient inhibiting the mycelial growth. In conclusion it can be inferred that effective management of Alternaria blight can be obtain through the judicious use of fungicides along with biocontrol agents.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Gibberellic Acid, 4-CPA and NAA on Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Ansal(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022) Poonia, Suman; Choudhary, SantoshA field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur to assess the “Effect of gibberellic acid, 4-CPA, and NAA on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Ansal” during Rabi, 2021-22. The experiment comprised of ten treatments consisting of three levels (25, 50 and 75 ppm) each of GA3, 4-CPA and NAA along with control. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The result revealed that all the growth, yield attributes and quality parameters were influenced significantly by different levels of GA3, 4-CPA and NAA. Among the different levels of growth regulators, maximum plant height (47.2 cm, 61.3 cm and 80.9 cm at 45 DAT, 60 DAT and final harvest, respectively), number of branches/plant (19.4), leaf area (30.6 cm2), TSS (5.41 °Brix) and ascorbic acid (22.8 mg/100 g) was recorded with GA3@75 ppm, whereas acidity (0.54 %) was recorded with GA3@25 ppm. The maximum fruit length (6.7 cm), fruit diameter (7.2 cm), and fruit firmness (2.6 kg/cm2) were found with 4-CPA@75 ppm. The maximum chlorophyll content (42.0, 48.0, 44.0 SPAD at 45, 60 DAT and at final harvest, respectively), number of fruit clusters/plant (12.0), number of flowers/cluster (5.4), number of fruits/cluster (3.2), number of fruits/plant (38.1), fruit set (59.7 %), fruit weight (84.3 g), fruit yield/plant (2.6 kg), fruit yield/ha (29.7 t), lycopene content (6.5 mg/100 g), net returns (480,447 `/ha) and B:C ratio (4.26:1) was observed with NAA@75 ppm.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Zinc and Iron Application on Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022) Kuri, Ronak; Choudhary, SantoshA field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur to assess the “Effect of zinc and iron application on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.)” during Rabi, 2021-22. The experiment comprised 13 treatments consisting of three levels each of ZnSO4 and FeSO4 at 5, 10 and 15 kg/ha as soil application and three levels of each as a foliar application at 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7% concentration at 60 and 90 DAP and control. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that all the growth parameters, yield parameters, quality attributes, and economics of garlic were influenced significantly by different levels of soil and foliar application of ZnSO4 and FeSO4. Among the different levels of Zn, soil application of ZnSO4@15 kg/ha and foliar application of ZnSO4@0.7% being at par with ZnSO4@10 kg/ha and ZnSO4@0.5%, respectively recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes over control. Therefore, the growth and yield parameters under ZnSO4@15 and 10 kg/ha; and ZnSO4@0.7 and 0.5% were recorded statistically at par with each other. Further, among different levels of Fe, soil application of FeSO4@15 kg/ha and foliar application of FeSO4@0.7%, being at par FeSO4@10 kg/ha and FeSO4@0.5%, respectively recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes over control. Similar to Zn levels, FeSO4@15 and 10 kg/ha, and FeSO4@0.7 and 0.5% recorded growth, yield and quality parameters statistically at par with each other. A significant residual effect of ZnSO4 and FeSO4 in soil was recorded with soil application of both nutrients. The highest net returns (`4,65,154/ha) were obtained from foliar application of ZnSO4@0.7%; whereas the highest B: C ratio (3.08:1) was obtained from soil application of ZnSO4@15kg/ha. Moreover, with soil and foliar application of FeSO4 highest net returns (`4,32,621/ha) and B: C ratio (2.84:1) were recorded with FeSO4@0.7% over control and other treatment of FeSO4. Hence, soil application of Zn and Fe by ZnSO4 and FeSO4@15 kg/ha or their foliar application at 0.7% concentration can be beneficial for producing higher productivity and net returns of garlic in western Rajasthan.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Pre-sowing Seed Treatments on Germination and Seedling Vigour of Ber (Ziziphus rotundifolia Lamk.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022) Lamba, Sanju; Moond, S.K.The present investigation entitled “Effect of pre-sowing seed treatments on germination and seedling vigour of Ber (Ziziphus rotundifolia Lamk.)” was conducted at Nursery of Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur, from February, 2022 to June, 2022. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with three replications with 18 pre-sowing seed treatments i.e., Sulfuric acid (30% concentration) soaking for 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes, Gibberellic acid soaking @ 250 ppm for 12 and 24 hours, Gibberellic acid soaking @ 500 ppm for 12 and 24 hours, Potassium nitrate soaking @ 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% for 12 hours, Boiling water soaking for 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes, tap water soaking for 24 hours and control. Amongst the different pre-sowing seed treatments, soaking with GA3 @ 250 ppm for 24 hours resulted in the highest germination at 45 DAS (48.91%) and 60 DAS (50.0%), shoot length of seedling at 60 DAS (52.40 cm) and 90 DAS (72.10 cm), root length of seedling (32.13 cm), number of primary roots per seedling (33.43), number of primary branches per seedling at 90 DAS (4.10), fresh weight of seedling (14.97 g), fresh weight (11.0 g) and dry weight (4.98 g) of shoot, fresh weight (3.94 g) and dry weight (2.0 g) of root, seedling survival (100%), Vigour Index-I (3605.0) and Vigour Index-II (300.0) at 90 DAS, collar diameter of seedling (2.78 mm and 4.44 mm), number of leaves per seedling (46.0 and 69.10), inter-nodal length (2.35 cm and 2.90 cm) and leaf size (4.90 cm2 and 6.0 cm2 ) at 60 and 90 DAS, respectively, with the highest net returns (1549.0) and B:C ratio (1.22) which was significantly superior than other treatments except while the earliest seed germination (21.90 days) was recorded with sulphuric acid soaking for 60 minutes treatment.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield and Quality of Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-08-26) Meena, Somendra; Bhardwaj, Raju LalA field experiment entitled “Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield and Quality of Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.)” was carried out at experimental research farm of Agriculture Research Station, Mandor, Jodhpur (Rajasthan), from October 2021 to February 2022. The experiment comprises three levels of RDF viz., 100% RDF, 75% RDF and 50% RDF, three levels of nano-fertilizers control, nano nitrogen @ 2 ml/ litter water and nano nitrogen @ 2 ml/ litter water + nano phosphorus @ 2ml/ litter water and two levels of bio-fertilizers, control and consortium of bio-fertilizers, treatments were allocated in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The present experiment concluded that treatment (100% RDF), consortium of bio-fertilizers and nano nitrogen @ 2 ml/ litter water + nano phosphorus @ 2ml/ litter water) was found best over all other treatments with respect to maximum increase in plant height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, chlorophyll content in leaves, fruit volume, specific gravity, fruit length, fruit diameter, pulp thickness, pulp weight, pulp: stone ratio, fruit setting, yield/ tree, ascorbic acid, total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, average fruit weight and fruit pH. However, stone weight and fruit drop was recorded minimum. Number of microorganisms in rhizosphere was increased significantly with the treatment (100% RDF), consortium of bio-fertilizers. Application of 100% RDF with consortium of bio fertilizers yield increased significantly. Maximum net return of ` 611851 and B:C ratio 5.70: 1 was found economically viable with treatment combination M1F1.
